Vplivi zahodne diete na eksokrini del trebušne slinavke

Zorin, Janja

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Title:	Vplivi zahodne diete na eksokrini del trebušne slinavke
Authors:	ID Zorin, Janja (Author) ID Stožer, Andraž (Mentor) More about this mentor... ID Lipovšek, Saška (Comentor)
Files:	MAG_Zorin_Janja_2018.pdf (11,42 MB) MD5: 5D7ED3E285D8C94E530DEE4264A06F5F PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/de4b6e20-7733-40f7-b8fc-e30ea5895222
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Master's thesis/paper
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	FNM - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
Abstract:	Sodobni trendi, kot so industrializacija, ekonomski razvoj in globalizacija trgovskih tokov, so prispevali k hitrim spremembam življenjskega sloga in prehranjevalnih navad (Burgos et al., 2015). Zahodno dieto imenujemo tudi standardna ameriška prehrana. Zanjo sta značilna povečan vnos živil z visoko vsebnostjo maščob in sladkorja ter pretirano uživanje rdečega mesa, rafiniranih žitaric in mlečnih izdelkov z visoko vsebnostjo maščob (Odermatt, 2011). Zanimalo nas je, ali zahodna dieta, poleg tega da povzroča debelost, vpliva tudi na notranje organe, natančneje na trebušno slinavko. Trebušno slinavko, z drugim imenom pankreas, na histološki ravni sestavljajo tako eksokrine kot tudi endokrine žleze, zaradi česar ima dve popolnoma različni, a zelo komplementarni funkciji: i) proizvodnjo encimov, pomembnih pri prebavi hrane, in ii) izločanje hormonov, potrebnih za uravnavanje homeostaze glukoze in drugih energijsko bogatih molekul (Danielsson et al., 2014). V magistrski nalogi smo pokazali, da zahodna dieta vpliva na eksokrini del pankreasa. S svetlobno in z elektronske mikroskopijo smo ugotovili, da je v strukturi in ultrastrukturi tkiva veliko razlik. Na slikah svetlobne mikroskopije smo opazili, da so v tkivu miši, hranjenih z zahodno dieto, vakuole v primerjavi s kontrolno skupino mnogo številnejše. Prav tako so bile v tkivu eksperimentalnih miši nekrotične celice in lipidne kaplje. V programu Python smo dokazali hipertrofijo celic pri tkivu miši, hranjenih z zahodno dieto. Na podlagi rezultatov na ultrastrukturni ravni smo potrdili hipotezo, da je v eksokrinem delu trebušne slinavke miši, hranjenih z zahodno dieto, vidna avtofagija. V tkivu so bili vidni številni avtofagosomi, avtolizosomi, rezidualna telesa in avtofagne vakuole. Z elektronskim mikroskopiranjem acinarnih celic eksperimentalnih miši smo opazili tudi napihnjene mitohondrije. Mnogi izmed njih so bili v fazi razpada. To lahko povežemo z dejstvom, da so napihnjeni mitohondriji tudi ena od glavnih značilnosti nekrotične celične smrti (Niemann & Rohrbach, 2016).
Keywords:	trebušna slinavka, zahodna dieta, hipertrofija, acinarna celica, tkivo
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Publisher:	[J. Zorin]
Year of publishing:	2018
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-72214
UDC:	612.34(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	24076808
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:L7UXMBGR
Publication date in DKUM:	12.10.2018
Views:	1908
Downloads:	169
Metadata:
Categories:	FNM
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Licences

License:	CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Link:	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:	The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:	14.09.2018

Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	Effects of Western diet on the exocrine pancreas
Abstract:	Modern trends, such as industrialization, economic development and the globalization of trade flows, have contributed to the rapid changes in lifestyle and eating habits (Burgos et al., 2015). A Western diet is also called a standard American diet. It is characterized by an increased intake of foods with high fat and sugar content, excessive consumption of red meat, refined cereals and high fat milk products (Odermatt, 2011). In this research we tried to find out whether the Western diet, in addition to causing obesity, also affects the internal organs, more specifically the pancreas. On the histological level, the pancreas consists of both exocrine and endocrine glands. Because of this, the pancreas is an organ with two completely different but nevertheless complementary functions: i) the production of enzymes that participate in digestion and ii) the secretion of hormones needed to control the homeostasis of glucose and other energy-rich nutrients (Danielsson et al., 2014). In this master's thesis, we show that the Western diet affects the exocrine part of the pancreas. With the use of electron and light microscopy, we found that there are many differences in tissue structure and ultrastructure. When we examined the images obtained with the light microscope, we found that in the tissue of mice fed with the Western diet there are much more numerous vacuoles. In the tissue of experimental mice, necrotic cells and infiltrated fat were also present. Using the Python program, we demonstrated and quantified cell hypertrophy in the tissue of the mice treated with the Western diet. Using the electron microscopy results, at the ultrastructural level, we confirmed the hypothesis that autophagy is present in the exocrine part of the pancreas of mice fed with the Western diet. In the tissue, many autophagosomes, autolysosomes, residual bodies and autophagic vacuoles were visible. We also observed inflated mitochondria in the experimental mice tissue under the electron microscope. This can be related to the fact that the inflated mitochondria are also one of the main features of necrotic cell death (Niemann & Rohrbach, 2016).
Keywords:	pancreas, Western diet, hypertrophy, acinar cell, tissue

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