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Title:Izolacija aktivnih komponent iz semen chia z uporabo različnih tehnik ekstrakcije
Authors:ID Palčnik, Polona (Author)
ID Knez Marevci, Maša (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
ID Cör Andrejč, Darija (Comentor)
Files:.pdf VS_Palcnik_Polona_2018.pdf (3,20 MB)
MD5: C35EE1C8D608EA4481CCEAF236278295
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/118c0df1-8c4d-4c66-a4b3-d3f0d3c942d7
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Abstract:Superkritična ekstrakcija zaradi mnogih pozitivnih lastnosti nadomešča druge ekstrakcijske metode v prehrambeni, kozmetični, farmacevstki in kemijski industriji ter v industriji pijač. V zadnjem času se prehrambena industrija močno nagiba k uporabi tako imenovanih superživil oz. super hrane. Mednje spadajo tudi chia semena, saj so bogata z vitamini, minerali, antioksidanti in esencialnimi maščobami. V diplomskem delu smo izvedli ekstrakcijo maščobnih kislin iz belih chia semen. Kot alternativo ekstrakciji z organskimi topili, ki dajo produkt, obremenjen s topilom in so posledično potrebni nadaljnji postopki odstranjevanja topila iz produkta, smo uporabili ekstrakcijo s sub- in superkritičnimi fluidi. Najprej smo izvedli ekstrakcijo olj iz semen s heksanom. Uporabili smo metodo ekstrakcije po Soxhletu. Sledila je subkritična ekstrakcija s propanom. Spremljali smo izkoristek ekstrakcij in ugotovili, da smo najvišjega dosegli pri subkritični ekstrakciji, pri pogojih P = 300 bar in T = 60°C. Izkoristek ekstrakcije po Soxhletu pa je bil primerljiv. Analizo antioksidativne učinkovitosti smo izvedli z radikalsko metodo DPPH*, za določevanje esencialnih maščobnih kislin smo uporabili plinsko kromatografijo. Ugotovili smo, da oljni ekstrakti iz semen chie nimajo visokega antioksidativnega potenciala, vsebujejo pa visok delež esencialnih maščobnih kislin. Na vsebnost maščobnih kislin v ekstraktu vplivajo sprememba tlaka in temperature ter polarnost topila. Nepolarnost propana in heksana je na ekstrakte vplivala tako, da so vsebovali visok delež maščobnih kislin, antioksidativen potencial pa je bil nizek.
Keywords:subkritična ekstrakcija, propan, heksan, maščobne kisline, chia semena
Place of publishing:Maribor
Publisher:[P. Palčnik]
Year of publishing:2018
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-72675 New window
UDC:66.061:664.788(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:21943830 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:3L0P0EUM
Publication date in DKUM:12.11.2018
Views:1979
Downloads:188
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:KTFMB - FKKT
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:12.10.2018

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Isolation of active compounds from chia seeds using different extraction techniques
Abstract:Due to many positive properties, supercritical extraction has replaced conventional extraction methods in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, chemical and beverage industry. Recently, the food industry promotes so-called super-foods, which includes a certain level of daily nut and seed consumption. Chia seeds are rich with vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and essential fatty acids. Extraction of fatty acids from white chia seeds has been performed in the frame of the present diploma degree. As an alternative to extraction with organic solvents, which gives the product, loaded with solvent requireing further purification, subcritical extraction has been carried out. Soxhlet extraction with hexane has been performed first, followed by subcritical extraction with propane. The extraction efficiency was high and was the highest under subcritical conditions P = 300 bar and T = 60°C. The efficiency of Soxhlet extraction was comparable. The anti-oxidative efficiency analysis were performed by the DPPH* radical method. Gas chromatography has been employed to determine composition of the extracts and the content of the essential fatty acids. Antioxidant efficiency of chia seeds extracts is very low, but they contain a high proportion of essential fatty acids. Variation of temperature, pressure and the solvent polarity affected the content of free fatty acids. Non-polarity of propane and hexane contributed to high yield of fatty compounds in the extracts.
Keywords:subcritical extraction, propane, hexane, fatty acids, chia seeds


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