Na koga so navezani predšolski otroci?

Anžel, Neli

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Title:	Na koga so navezani predšolski otroci?
Authors:	ID Anžel, Neli (Author) ID Cugmas, Zlatka (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	VS_Anzel_Neli_2019.pdf (2,69 MB) MD5: 56E4E2FD87E0ACF6E1367D3822A82416 PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/6bd0c2b7-f7c9-45d7-bc52-c48ad24099b1
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	PEF - Faculty of Education
Abstract:	Koncept objekta navezanosti ima v teoriji navezanosti poseben pomen. Objekt navezanosti ni samo bližnji partner, ampak je tudi oseba, h kateri se posameznik zateče, kadar potrebuje zaščito in podporo. Otrok se lahko naveže na vsako odraslo osebo, ki naklonjeno skrbi zanj. Več avtorjev (Ainsworth, 1991; Hazan in Shaver, 1994; Hazan in Zeifman, 1994; v Mikulincer in Shaver, 2007) omenja, da ima otrokov objekt navezanosti tri osrednje funkcije: otrok si želi njegove bližine, je varno izhodišče, ki otroku nudi varnost, ugodje, oporo in olajšanje, ter »varna baza«, ki otroku omogoča aktivacijo ostalih vedenjskih sistemov v varnem okolju. Poleg dolžine skupaj preživetega časa, ki ga otrok preživi z objektom navezanosti, na navezanost vpliva tudi kakovost njunega odnosa. Erzar in Kompan Erzar (2011) sta zapisala, da v odnosu navezanosti pride do ujemanja otrokove potrebe po varnosti ter zaščiti in sposobnosti staršev, da nudijo ustrezen odgovor na te potrebe. Navezovalno vedenje je najbolj očitno, kadar je otrok v stiski. Na koga so otroci v določenih situacijah (stres, tveganje, igra) navezani, sem raziskala s pomočjo intervjuja. Intervjuvala sem 50 otrok, starih od 4 do 6 let, in pridobila rezultate, s katerimi sem lahko potrdila vse tri hipoteze, ki sem jih oblikovala. Otroci so se v stresnih situacijah v večini odločili za mamo, saj je mama tista, ki je vedno tam, ko jo otrok potrebuje. Na vprašanja, ki so se nanašala na določeno tvegano situacijo, pa so v večini izbrali očeta, saj je on tisti, ki je otrokom vzor in avtoriteta ter se ničesar ne »boji«, je pogumen in se z njim počutijo varne. Za igro so otroci, ki imajo sorojence, v večini izbrali prav njih, tisti brez sorojencev pa sovrstnike, saj se lahko z njimi istovetijo. Redki so za igro izbrali domačo žival.
Keywords:	psihološka raziskovanja, predšolski otrok, navezanost, objekt navezanosti, intervju
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Publisher:	[N. Anžel]
Year of publishing:	2019
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-73603
UDC:	159.922.7-053.4(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	24722184
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:QTHTXPE4
Publication date in DKUM:	30.08.2019
Views:	1181
Downloads:	232
Metadata:
Categories:	PEF
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Licences

License:	CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Link:	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:	The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:	22.05.2019

Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	To Whom Are Preschool Children Most Attached?
Abstract:	The concept of an attachment object holds a very special place in theory of attachment. An object of attachment is not only a close partner, but it can also be a person an individual turns to when they need protection and support. A child may become attached to any grown up person who takes care of them with great affection. Several authors (Ainsworth, 1991; Hazan and Shaver, 1994; Hazan and Zeifman, 1994; as cited in Mikulincer and Shaver, 2007) state that a child's object of attachment has three main functions: a child longs for its closeness, it is a safe foundation, which provides a child with safety, comfort, support and relief, and a »safe basis«, which enables a child to activate other behavioral systems in a safe environment. Along with the amount of time a child spends with their object of attachment, the quality of that relationship is also of the utmost importance for attachment. Erzar and Kompan Erzar (2011) state that when it comes to attachment in a relationship, there is correspondence between a child's need for safety and protection and the parents' ability to respond to and suit those needs. Attachment behavior becomes most prominent when a child is in distress. My research focuses on the question of who is it that children are most commonly attached to in certain situations (stress, risk, play). The answers were attained by means of an interview of children between the ages of 4 – 6 years. With the obtained results I was able to confirm all three hypotheses. In stress situations, children are most commonly attached to their mothers, since they are the ones who are always there when children need them. When the questions refer to risky situations, the answers show that children most commonly turn to their fathers, as they are their role models; they are the authority who is afraid of no one, they are brave and that makes children feel safe. When it comes to play, those children who have siblings most commonly turn to them. Peers are the ones that children without siblings turn to, since they can easily identify with them. Rarely do they choose a pet as an attachment object.
Keywords:	psychological research, preschool child, attachment, object of attachment, interview

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