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Title:Ekstrakcija aktivnih komponent iz semen črne kumine (nigella sativa) : diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študijskega programa I. stopnje
Authors:ID Lavrič, Danijel (Author)
ID Kotnik, Petra (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
ID Knez Marevci, Maša (Comentor)
Files:.pdf VS_Lavric_Danijel_2019.pdf (2,87 MB)
MD5: 467D98A1AFDEFB101B0D93BD0DAED731
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/9eea91f9-529b-4c6e-b23f-7d5aa5651b9b
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Abstract:Namen diplomske naloge je raziskati vpliv različnih ekstrakcijskih metod na sestavo in kvaliteto olja, pridobljenega iz semen črne kumine. Izvedli smo ekstrakcije s pomočjo Soxhletovega aparata, ultrazvočne kopeli ter superkritične ekstrakcije s CO2. Ekstrakcije s Soxhletom in ultrazvočno kopeljo smo izvedli z različnimi topili (metanol, heksan, 96 % etanol in voda). Superkritične ekstrakcije pa smo izvedli pri konstantnih tlakih (100, 200 in 300 bar) ter konstantnih temperaturah (40 °C in 60 °C). Na podlagi rezultatov ekstrakcij smo določili pri katerih pogojih dobimo največ olja iz semen. Ekstrakcijo eteričnega olja smo izvedli po Clevengerjevi metodi z vodno paro. Za analize dobljenih ekstraktov smo uporabili plinski kromatograf sklopljen z masnim spektrometrom (GC-MS). Ekstraktom smo določili vsebnost in sestavo prostih maščobnih kislin ter hlapnih komponent, s poudarkom na vsebnosti timokinona, timola in karvakrola. Pri analizah smo se omejili na tiste komponente, katerih standarde smo imeli na razpolago. V vzorcu eteričnega olja pa smo določili celotno sestavo. Rezultati kažejo, na to, da med prostimi maščobnimi kislinami v olju črne kumine, prevladujeta linolna (50 %) in oleinska (22 %) kislina. Med hlapnimi komponentami prevladuje karvakrol (do 2 %), timokinon (do 0,4 %) in timol (do 0,025 %) pa sta prisotna v nižjih koncentracijah. V eteričnem olju smo zaznali vsebnost timolkinona (1,23 %) in karvakrola (1,81 %). Timokinon, ki mu pripisujejo zdravilne učinke, je torej v olju prisoten v dokaj nizkih koncentracijah.
Keywords:črna kumina, ekstrakcija, olje, hlapne komponente, proste maščobne kisline, GC-MS
Place of publishing:Maribor
Place of performance:Maribor
Publisher:[D. Lavrič]
Year of publishing:2019
Number of pages:IX, 58 f.
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-74384 New window
UDC:664.1.033:582.795.22(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:22623766 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:WMLR6XFR
Publication date in DKUM:17.09.2019
Views:2327
Downloads:211
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:KTFMB - FKKT
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:26.08.2019

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Extraction of active compounds from black cumin seeds (nigella sativa)
Abstract:The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of different extraction methods on the quality of oil, extracted from black cumin seeds. We preformed Soxhlet, ultrasonic assisted and supercritical extractions with CO2. Soxhlet and ultrasonic assisted extractions were preformed by using different solvents (methanol, hexane, 96 % ethanol and watter). Supercritical extractions were done at a constant preassure (100, 200 and 300 bar) and constant temperature (40 °C and 60 °C). Based on the yields we determmined which conditions are the most favourable. Essential oils have been isolated by steam distillation acording to Clevenger. Analysis of extracts were preformed by GC-MS. We determined content and composition of free fatty acids and volatile compounds in the extracts, with emphasis on the content of thymoquinone, thymol and carvacrol. In those analysis only the available standard compounds were detected. In essential oil we could detect all compounds. Results show that linoleic (50 %) and oleic (22 %) acid have the highest fatty acid ratios in the oil of black cumin. Carvacrol (around 2 %) has the highest ratio amongst volatile compounds. Thymoquinone (around 0,4 %) and thymol (around 0,025%) are detected in much smaller concentrations. In essential oil ratios of thymoquione and thymole were 1,23 % and 1,81 % respectively. So the concentration of thymoquinone which is consider to have high pottential for medical purposes is therefore relatively low.
Keywords:black cumin, extractions, oil, volatile compounds, free fatty acids, GC-MS


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