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Title:Določevanje lahkohlapnih in težjehlapnih spojin v ekstraktih rastlin iz družine Zingiberaceae z uporabo različnih kromatografskih tehnik : diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa I. stopnje
Authors:ID Makoter, Kaja (Author)
ID Islamčević Razboršek, Maša (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
ID Fajmut, Aleš (Comentor)
Files:.pdf UN_Makoter_Kaja_2020.pdf (6,56 MB)
MD5: 57F37D5EA08804EC07A787E31FE69805
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/85ac9101-278b-4e2c-ad5e-c5be88363bd6
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Abstract:Ingverjevke (Zingiberaceae) so družina rastlin z značilnim vonjem in okusom, znane po vsem svetu. V kulinarične namene jih uporabljajo predvsem kot začimbe, imajo pa tudi številne medicinske učinke. Rastline vsebujejo številne komponente, kot so terpeni, flavonoidi, diarilheptanoidi, ogljikovi hidrati, beljakovine, škrob in druge. Da bi določili komponente različnih rastlin, smo izvedli analize na štirih rastlinah iz družine ingverjevk: mali galangal (Alpinia officinarum), ingver (Zingiber officinale), kurkuma (Curcuma longa) in kardamom (Elettaria cardamomum). Pri analizi lahkohlapnih komponent v eteričnih oljih smo izvedli destilacijo z vodno paro po Clevengerju, ter na tak način ekstrahirali eterična olja v preiskovanih rastlinskih vrstah. Ta smo analizirali s plinsko kromatografijo, sklopljeno z masnim spektrometrom (GC-MS). Prav tako smo dele rastlin zmleli in izvedli ekstrakcijo s pomočjo ultrazvoka, kjer smo kot topilo uporabili metanol. Te ekstrakte smo analizirali z reverzno-fazno tekočinsko kromatografijo visoke ločljivosti z UV zaznavo (RP-HPLC-UV). Nazadnje smo izvedli še analizo komponent v posameznih rastlinah s pomočjo GC-MS, kjer smo vzorce predhodno derivatizirali. Ugotovili smo, da v eteričnih oljih malega galangala in kardamoma prevladujejo monoterpeni, medtem ko v eteričnih oljih ingverja in kurkume prevladujejo seskviterpeni. Glavna komponenta eteričnega olja malega galangala je 1,8-cineol (1,8-cineol), ingverja α-zingiberene (α-zingiberen), kurkume β-turmerone (β-turmeron), ar-turmerone (ar-turmeron) in ar-curcumene (ar-kurkumen) in kardamoma α-terpinyl acetate (α-terpinil acetat) in 1,8-cineol (1,8-cineol). Z RP-HPLC-UV metodo smo pri malem galangalu določili diarilheptanoide ter flavonoide, med katerimi je bilo največ galangina. Pri ingverju smo določili gingerole, med katerimi je bilo največ 6-gingerola, in shogaole (šogaole). Pri kurkumi pa smo potrdili naslednje komponente: kurkuminoidi (kurkumin, demetoksikurkumin in bis-demetoksikurkumin), ar-turmerone (ar-turmeron), curlone (curlon) in α-turmerone (α-turmeron). Pri analizi komponent z GC-MS smo po derivatizaciji spojin v vzorcih dokazali prisotnost monosaharidov. Med spojinami eteričnih olj prevladujejo lahkohlapne komponente, medtem ko ostale identificirane komponente spadajo med težjehlapne komponente.
Keywords:Ingverjevke (Zingiberaceae), eterična olja, GC-MS, RP-HPLC-UV, destilacija z vodno paro po Clevengerju, ekstrakcija na UZ kopeli, derivatizacija
Place of publishing:Maribor
Place of performance:Maribor
Publisher:[K. Makoter]
Year of publishing:2020
Number of pages:XII, 69 str.
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-76953 New window
UDC:66.061.35:665.52(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:30373379 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:9XQW3U5K
Publication date in DKUM:24.09.2020
Views:1490
Downloads:228
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:KTFMB - FKKT
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:03.08.2020

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Determining of volatile and non-volatile compounds in extracts of plants from the Zingiberaceae family using different chromatographic techniques
Abstract:The ginger family (Zingiberaceae) are plants with a distinct odour and taste known worldwide. They are often used in culinary applications as spices but they also possess numerous beneficial medical properties. They contain various components such as terpenes, flavonoids, diarylheptanoids, carbohydrates, proteins, starches, etc. In order to determine the various plant components, we have carried out analysis on 4 plants from the ginger family: lesser galangal (Alpinia officinarum), ginger (Zingiber officinale), turmeric (Curcuma longa) and cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum). Analysis involving volatile components in essential oils have been carried out using the Clevenger hydrodistillation method, in which essential oils were obtained. These were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Plants were also grinded and the extraction was carried out using ultrasound bath with methanol as a solvent. These extracts were analyzed by means of the reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (RP-HPLC-UV). The last analysis referred to components, where samples have been previously derivatized. The analysis was performed by GC-MS. We found out that monoterpenes are predominant in the essential oils of lesser galangal and cardamom, while sesquiterpenes are predominant in the essential oils of ginger and turmeric. The main components of essential oil are 1,8-cineol for lesser galangal, α-zingiberene for ginger, β-turmerone, ar-turmerone and ar-curcumene for turmeric and α-terpinyl acetate and 1,8-cineol for cardamom. With the method RP-HPLC-UV we have determined components of lesser galangal, where diarylheptanoids and flavonoids like galangin were predominant. The components of ginger are gingerols, where 6-gingerol was predominant, and shogaols. The components of turmeric are curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bis-demethoxycurcumin), ar-turmerone, curlone and α-turmerone. Analysis of derivatized samples with GC-MS revealed presence of monosaccharides. In samples of essential oils volatile compounds were predominant, while other components were part of non-volatile components.
Keywords:The ginger family (Zingiberaceae), essential oils, GC-MS, RP-HPLC-UV, Clevenger hydrodistillation, ultrasound-assisted extraction, derivatization


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