Brandenburg; vzpostavitev, decentralizacija in prihod rodbine hohenzollern

Turnšek, Uroš

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Title:	Brandenburg; vzpostavitev, decentralizacija in prihod rodbine hohenzollern
Authors:	ID Turnšek, Uroš (Author) ID Ravnikar, Anton (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	MAG_Turnsek_Uros_2020.pdf (2,21 MB) MD5: A493472DF2886D22C9512BF280CFB863 PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/9dee3c79-09c7-4536-9ce0-69ab244b957a
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Master's thesis/paper
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	FF - Faculty of Arts
Abstract:	V času, ko se je evropsko plemstvo z nemških, italijanskih in francoskih dežel goreče spopadalo v imenu vere in cerkve proti nevernikom na bližnjem vzhodu, je na severu Svetega rimskega cesarstva 1147 potekal v zgodovinopisju manj omenjan križarski pohod proti vendskim Slovanom, živečim onkraj Elbe. Tod je moč cesarjev nekoč že segla, a velik upor proti pokristjanjevanju in visokim tributom je latinski svet potisnil nazaj na levi breg reke. Tokrat je osvojitev, četudi le delno uspešna, zdržala. Saška rodbina Askanijcev iz Altmarka je segla dlje proti vzhodu, sčasoma vse do Odre, in vzpostavila mejno grofijo Brandenburg. Ta je skozi stoletja rastla v obsegu v nenavadno veliko državo znotraj cesarstva, ki se je uspešno ubranila fragmentacije. Pomembnost te marke je rastla z njenim teritorijem, njen vzpon pa je spremljal skoraj nenehen boj na vse strani proti zavistnim in ozemlja željnim sosedom. Pomorjanska je, kot tarča večstoletnega brandenburškega poželenja, zaslužna posebne omembe. Z izumrtjem Askanijcev in prihodom Wittelsbachov in Luksemburžanov je Brandenburg v začetku 14. stoletja doživel decentralizacijo in fragmentacijo. Stanovi so spričo šibke osrednje oblasti svoje interese in privilegije varovali sami. Plemiči so bíli neprestane fajde, mesta so se povezala v močna zavezništva in se borila proti vsem, ki so ogrožali njihove privilegije. S prihodom Luksemburžanov so davčne obremenitve postale skoraj neznosno visoke, tako primarni cilj te rodbine ni bil modro vladanje, ampak pridobivanje prihodkov. Dve pozitivni posledici prihoda tujih cesarskih rodbin sta bili vzpostavitev moderne administracije in pridobitev titule volilnih knezov, ki je bila vezna na mejno grofijo. Šele s prihodom Hohenzollerjev se je trend obrnil. Friderik I. znova vzpostavi centralno oblast in si, vsaj delno, pokori stanove. Njegova rodbina je začrtala za marko nov kurz, ki jo je sčasoma pripeljal do moči in evropske razpoznavnosti.
Keywords:	srednji vek, Askanijci, Wittelsbachi, Luksemburžani, Brandenburg, Hohenzollern
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Publisher:	[U. Turnšek]
Year of publishing:	2020
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-77691
UDC:	930.1:929.7Hohenzollern(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	36548867
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:TUXJC3LN
Publication date in DKUM:	13.11.2020
Views:	902
Downloads:	76
Metadata:
Categories:	FF
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Licences

License:	CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Link:	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Description:	This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.
Licensing start date:	10.09.2020

Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	Brandenburg; establishment, decentralisation, and the arrival of the hohenzollern dynasty
Abstract:	In a time when the European nobility from Italy, France and Germany was, in the name of their faith and Church, fervently fighting the heathens in the Middle east, another, less written about, crusade against Wend Slavs beyond the Elbe was occurring in the north-eastern reaches of the Holy Roman Empire in 1147. Imperial power reached across this river centuries ago but was broken and pushed back in a great Slavic uprising against exorbitant tribute demands and Christianisation. This time though the conquest held even if it was only partial. A dynasty from neighbouring Saxony, the Ascanians, arrived here and established the Margraviate of Brandenburg. This, initially small and mostly irrelevant state, grew over the centuries to become an unusually large state within the empire and mostly avoided the pitfalls of fragmentation. Its importance grew with its territory, but so did the number of envious neighbours with designs on its territory. Pomerania, a source of Brandenburg’s desire for centuries, deserves an honourable mention here. With the Ascanians dying out in the 14th century, the mark fell in the hands of two great imperial dynasties, the Wittelsbach, and Luxemburg dynasties. The state experienced decentralisation and fragmentation. The estates began looking out for themselves as central authority weakened. Members of the nobility became robber barons and fought countless feuds with each other. Cities and towns of Brandenburg allied each other and formed powerful leagues to fight anyone who infringed on their rights and privileges. The Luxemburg family was not interested in wise leadership but in extraction of revenues. Two good things came out of the chaotic century, a modern administration and the title of prince elector which was tied to Brandenburg. The arrival of the Hohenzollern dynasty marks a sea change. Frederick I. establishes central authority and forces the estates to submit. His dynasty charted a new course that would eventually bring Brandenburg to great power and renown in Europe.
Keywords:	Middle ages, Ascanian dynasty, Wittelsbach dynasty, Luxemburg dynasty, Brandenburg, Hohenzollern

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