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Title:Nacistična evtanazija v zgodovini evtanazije : magistrsko delo
Authors:ID Mihovilovič, Vesna (Author)
ID Holcman, Borut (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf MAG_Mihovilovic_Vesna_2020.pdf (656,33 KB)
MD5: 5AF57B6A45B6142CDAC2F813F57AB469
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/d98d2e1d-920d-40b8-ab89-2d4b0e9fe9c2
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:Evtanazija (euthanatos), ki v skladu z grškim izvorom, pomeni dobro ali blago smrt, tudi danes ne razumemo dosti drugače. Iz enega vidika pomeni smrt brez trpljenja, iz drugega pa same ukrepe, ki naj pripeljejo do take smrti. Glede na ukrepe jo ločimo na aktivno in pasivno. Evtanazijo lahko delimo tudi glede na izraženo voljo bolnika in sicer: prostovoljna, neprostovoljna in prisilna evtanazija. Primer prisilne evtanazije je »nacistična evtanazija«, katera se je začela pripravljati že leta 1933, s prihodom nacistov na oblast. Najprej je bil sprejet zakon o sterilizaciji, ki so ga kasneje razširili z določbami o prisilnih splavih, da bi preprečili potomstvo dedno bolnim. Nadaljevali so z evtanazijo iznakaženih in umsko bolnih novorojencev v raznih otroških zavodih. Kasneje so razpotegnili starostno mejo na otroke do 16. leta. Vse to je bila zgolj predhodna faza evtanazije odraslih ali tako imenovane Akcije T4. Slednja je potekala v skrajni tajnosti in v njej je bilo do septembra leta 1941, ko je bila Akcija T4 ustavljena, usmrčenih okrog 70.000 ljudi. Kljub ustavitvi evtanazije odraslih pa se je ta še vedno odvijala, na skrivaj, v zdravstvenih ustanovah, vse do konca vojne. »Nacistična evtanazija« je »zrasla« v nacistični ideologiji, ki pa se je zgledovala med drugim tudi po evgeniki 19. in 20. stoletja. Evgenika je načrtno prizadevanje za telesno in duševno izboljšanje potomstva, to je njen pozitivni vidik. Hkrati ima tudi negativni vidik, ko gre za načrtno uničevanje potomstva iz različnih razlogov, lahko tudi rasističnih. Iz navedenega sledi, da je »nacistično evtanazijo« mogoče razlagati iz dveh vidikov, iz vidika evtanazije in evgenike. Torej »nacistična evtanazija« kot negativni evgenični ukrep. Da so lahko »nacistično evtanazijo« izvajali, je poleg močne propagande, pripomogel pravni in politični sistem. Torej totalitarna diktatura s svojim nasiljem, propagando in enostrankarskim sistemom. Na drugi strani pa pravni sistem, ki je služil zgolj za uresničevanje nacistične ideologije in je podredil vlogo človekovih pravic, jih močno omejil ter v veliko preveč primerih, odvzel. Pravni red z najbolj krutimi, krivični in nemoralni zakoni, ki so na podlagi zakona o »posebnih« pooblastilih, lahko bili protiustavni.
Keywords:pravni sistem, politični sistem, totalitarizem, diktatura, nacizem, evgenika, morala, milostna smrt, umor
Place of publishing:[Maribor
Place of performance:[Maribor
Publisher:V. Mihovilovič]
Year of publishing:2020
Number of pages:44 f.
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-77915 New window
UDC:340.62(091)(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:32090883 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:3RHHTDS3
Publication date in DKUM:12.10.2020
Views:2115
Downloads:320
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:PF
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:23.09.2020

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:The Nazi Euthanasia in the History of Euthanasia
Abstract:The word euthanasia (euthanatos) is of Greek origin and means a good or mild death; its meaning has not changed much nowadays. From one point of view, it refers to a death without suffering, and from another point of view, it refers to the very measures leading to such a death. Based on these measures, euthanasia is either active or passive. Euthanasia can also be divided into three types based on the patient’s expressed will – it can be voluntary, non-voluntary and involuntary. An example of involuntary euthanasia is the »Nazi euthanasia« which was established in as early as 1939 with the Nazis coming to power. First, the sterilization law was passed which was later on expanded with provisions on forced abortions to prevent genetically defective people from having offspring. They went on to euthanize mutilated and mentally-disabled new-borns in various child-care facilities. The age limit was later on raised to children up to 16 years old. This was all merely a preliminary stage of the adult euthanasia or the so-called Action T4, which took place in the utmost secrecy and claimed the lives of approximately 70,000 people by the time it was stopped in September 1941. Despite the halt of the adult euthanasia, it secretly continued in medical institutions until the end of the war. The »Nazi euthanasia« developed within the Nazi ideology that was modelled on the eugenics of the 19th and 20th century. The positive aspect of eugenics was its aim to physically and mentally improve the offspring. Its negative aspect, however, was the deliberate destruction of offspring for a variety of reasons, including racist ones. This means that the Nazi euthanasia can be interpreted in two aspects; the aspect of euthanasia and the aspect of eugenics. Hence, the »Nazi euthanasia« as a negative eugenics measure. Apart from strong propaganda, the legal and political system all helped to implement the »Nazi euthanasia«. On the one side, a totalitarian dictatorship with its violence, propaganda and a one-party system. On the other side, the legal system, serving only to implement the Nazi ideology, subordinated the role of human rights, severely limited them and, in far too many cases, took them away. The legal order with the cruellest, most unjust and immoral laws, which could be unconstitutional based on the law of »special powers«.
Keywords:legal system, political system, totalitarianism, dictatorship, nazism, eugenics, morality, mercy death, murder


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