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Title:Hudodelsko združevanje - teoretične dileme in sodna praksa : magistrsko delo
Authors:ID Škrinjar, Luka (Author)
ID Šepec, Miha (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf MAG_Skrinjar_Luka_2020.pdf (972,23 KB)
MD5: EF7FDD4D02B6E29DAF57434AC0C9CC69
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/39a7aa53-0ea1-49f3-908b-f708d42a0436
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:Hudodelska združba predstavlja eno izmed najnevarnejših oblik sodelovanja, pri kateri je udeleženih več oseb. Nevarnost, ki jo predstavlja hudodelska združba (lahko je v obliki tolpe, organizacije ...), zoper človeško življenje, zdravje in premoženje, je pripeljalo do tega, da je zakonodajalec in kriminiral hudodelsko združbo v kazenski zakonik, in sicer pod poglavje kazniva dejanja zoper javni red. Že iz samega poglavja je razvidno, da se varuje javna varnost, kot del javnega reda in miru. Posebnost te inkriminacije je, da je kaznivo že samo pripravljalno dejanje, kar z drugimi besedami pomeni, da je kaznivo že samo ustanavljanje in sodelovanje v združbi, ko še ni izvršeno nobeno kaznivo dejanje, vendar samo, če so izpolnjeni pogoj, ki jih določa zakon. Bistveno je, da zakon oblikuje natančne in nedvoumne pogoje, saj gre za izjemo od načela nekaznivosti pripravljalne faze. Cilj hudodelske združbe ni zgolj ustanovitev in sodelovanje v združbi, temveč je cilj, da izvršuje kazniva dejanja, katera ima v hudodelskem načrtu. Posledično se pojavi ogromno vprašanj glede hudodelskih združb npr.: kdaj sploh govorimo o hudodelski združbi; kaj vse se zgodi, ko hudodelska združba izvrši kaznivo dejanje, ki ga je imela v hudodelskem načrtu; za katera vsa kazniva dejanja odgovarja? Ali odgovarja zgolj za izvršeno kaznivo dejanje, ali tudi za kaznivo dejanje po 294. členu KZ-1 in pride do steka? Če pride do steka, ali v tem primeru govorimo o navideznem steku? Kdo odgovarja za izvršeno kaznivo dejanje, ali so to zgolj tisti člani združbe, ki so neposredno sodelovali pri izvršitvi kaznivega dejanja iz hudodelskega načrta ali vsi člani neke združbe? Kot je razvidno, se pri združbah postavlja veliko različnih vprašanj, razlog tega je, da gre za izredno kompleksen institut kazenskega prava. Prav zaradi vsega navedenega ima kazenski zakonik, poleg določbe v posebnem delu KZ-1, ki se nanaša na hudodelsko združbo (294. člen), tudi dve določbi v splošnem del (41. in 77a. člen). Da bi bil institut še bolj zapleten, je hudodelska združba pri veliko kaznivih dejanjih tudi kvalifikatorna okoliščina. Ta okoliščina pove, da je konkretno kaznivo dejanje možno storiti tudi v hudodelski združbi (npr. 186. člen). Spet se pojavi vrsta vprašanj, kot denimo: ali za to hudodelsko združbo veljajo enaki pogoji kot za hudodelsko združbo po 294. členu? Zaradi vsega zgoraj navedenega niti ni nobeno presenečenje, da se pri tem institutu pojavljajo razne dileme kot tudi pomanjkljivosti, katere je potrebno čimprej odpraviti. Skozi leta se je na tem področju razvijala tudi sodna praksa in izoblikovala nekaj pogojev, kateri morajo biti izpolnjeni, da lahko govorimo o hudodelski združbi. Ti pogoji so danes določeni tudi v kazenskem zakoniku.
Keywords:hudodelska združba, vodja hudodelske združbe, člani hudodelske združbe, 294. člen KZ-1, pripravljalno dejanje, pomanjkljivosti, sodna praksa
Place of publishing:[Maribor
Place of performance:[Maribor
Publisher:L. Škrinjar]
Year of publishing:2020
Number of pages:VIII, 43 f.
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-78267 New window
UDC:343.221(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:46876675 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:VCYUOVV9
Publication date in DKUM:13.01.2021
Views:1824
Downloads:352
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:PF
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:27.11.2020

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Criminal assocation - theoretical dilemmas and case law
Abstract:A criminal association represents one of the most dangerous forms of cooperation, with several people involved. The danger posed by a criminal association (it can be in the form of a gang, an organization ...) against human life, health, and property has led the legislator to criminalize a criminal association in the Criminal Code, under the chapter on crimes against public order. From the chapter itself, it is clear that public security, as part of public order and peace, is protected. The peculiarity of this incrimination is that even a preparatory act itself is punishable, which in other words means that establishing and participating in an association is punishable even when no crime has been committed yet; but only if the conditions set by law have been met. It is essential that the law creates precise and unambiguous conditions, as this is an exception to the principle of impunity of the preparatory phase. The goal of a criminal association is not only the establishment and participation in the association, but to commit criminal offences set in its criminal plan. As a result, a lot of questions arise about criminal associations, e.g., when can we label an association as a criminal association; what happens when a criminal association commits a crime that it had planned; for which criminal offences is it liable? Whether it is liable only for the criminal offence committed, or also for the criminal offence under Article 294 of KZ-1, and therefore a concurrence occurs? If the concurrence occurs, is it an apparent concurrence in this case? Who is liable for the committed criminal offence - only those members of the association who were directly involved in the commission of the criminal offence from the criminal plan or all members of a certain association? As can be seen, many different questions arise about associations, the reason being that it is an extremely complex institute of criminal law. Due to all the above, in addition to the provision in the special part of KZ-1, which refers to a criminal association (Article 294), the Criminal Code also has two provisions in the general part (Articles 41 and 77a). To make the institute even more complex, a criminal association is also a qualifying circumstance in many criminal offences. This circumstance indicates that a specific criminal offence can also be committed in a criminal association (e.g., Article 186). Again, a number of questions arise, such as: is this criminal association subject to the same conditions as a criminal association under Article 294? Given all the above, it is no surprise that various dilemmas arise at this institute, as well as shortcomings that need to be addressed as soon as possible. Over the years, case law has also developed in this area, and it has created some conditions that must be met in order to be able to speak of a criminal association. Today, these conditions are also set out in the Criminal Code.
Keywords:criminal association, leader of a criminal association, members of a criminal association, Article 294 of KZ-1, preparatory act, shortcomings, case law


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