Problematika piramidnih sistemov in mrežnega marketinga z vidika prava varstva potrošnikov : magistrsko delo

Kralj, Urban

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Title:	Problematika piramidnih sistemov in mrežnega marketinga z vidika prava varstva potrošnikov : magistrsko delo
Authors:	ID Kralj, Urban (Author) ID Samec Berghaus, Nataša (Mentor) More about this mentor... ID Drnovšek, Klemen (Comentor)
Files:	MAG_Kralj_Urban_2020.pdf (409,51 KB) MD5: F9B5592C8CF04AD25A490D15BB57E562 PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/78da2a88-0f2e-4064-9fa6-d0786f0f2594
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Master's thesis/paper
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:	Problematika piramidnih sistemov in mrežnega marketinga je še zmeraj aktualna, kar se kaže v številnih odmevnih zadevah, ki pretresajo svetovni ter evropski trg v zadnjem desetletju. Kljub sprejemu zakonodaje na področju varstva potrošnikov pred nepoštenimi poslovnimi praksami na ozemlju Evropske unije in kljub dejstvu, da so piramidni sistemi del tako imenovane črne liste praks, ki so v vseh okoliščinah prepovedane, sam zakonodajni okvir ne daje jasne definicije le-teh in posledično v praksi povzroča deljena mnenja, ali gre v posameznih zadevah za sporno obliko mrežnega marketinga ali ne. Sodišče Evropske unije je v dveh pomembnih zadevah, 4finance in Lucky 4 All razložilo in dopolnilo definicijo piramidnih sistemov, ni pa se opredelilo glede vprašanja, ali udeleženci piramidnih sistemov, ki aktivno prodajajo izdelke, štejejo za potrošnike in posledično uživajo pravno varstvo. Trenutno pravna teorija zastopa stališče, da je pomemben trenutek pristopa v piramidni sistem. Tudi če praksa ne ustreza definiciji iz t.i. črne liste, pa to še ne pomeni, da je dopustna. Direktiva o nepoštenih poslovnih praksah vsebuje še abstraktnejše določbe generalne klavzule in določbe o zavajajočih in agresivnih poslovnih praksah, ki tako širijo obseg prepovedi. Ob nepoštenih poslovnih praksah se pojavi tudi vprašanje pravnih posledic in morebitne neveljavnosti takšnega posla. Direktiva o nepoštenih poslovnih praksah področja ne ureja in to prepušča splošnim pravilom obligacijskega prava, po katerih sta, ob izpolnjenih ustreznih predpostavkah, možni tako izpodbojnost posla kot tudi odškodninska odgovornost. Kljub temu pa Direktiva 2019/2161 o spremembi Direktive Sveta 93/13/EGS in direktiv 98/6/ES, 2005/29/ES ter 2011/83/EU Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta zaradi boljšega izvrševanja in posodobitve pravil Unije o varstvu potrošnikov na področje varstva potrošnikov pred nepoštenimi poslovnimi praksami uvaja določbe o individualnem pravnem varstvu.
Keywords:	piramidni sistemi, mrežni marketing, varstvo potrošnikov, nepoštene poslovne prakse, civilnopravne posledice, napake volje, veljavnost pravnega posla, kolektivne tožbe.
Place of publishing:	[Maribor
Place of performance:	[Maribor
Publisher:	U. Kralj]
Year of publishing:	2020
Number of pages:	46 str.
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-78372
UDC:	347.426.6+349.6(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:	46878723
NUK URN:	URN:SI:UM:DK:EH2WVZEC
Publication date in DKUM:	13.01.2021
Views:	1625
Downloads:	174
Metadata:
Categories:	PF
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Licences

License:	CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Link:	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:	The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:	15.12.2020

Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	The problem of pyramid schemes and multilevel marketing in the context of customer protection law
Abstract:	Pyramid schemes and multilevel marketing are still a controversial topic of discussion, which can be seen by the number of cases emerging in European countries in the last decade. Despite the fact that pyramid schemes are listed in the annex of Unfair Commercial Practices Directive as practices which are in all circumstances considered unfair, the definition itself rises some questions and makes certain multilevel marketing schemes subjects of debate whether they appear as a legitimate multilevel marketing or forbidden pyramid schemes. The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) ruled on the interpretation of the pyramid schemes in two important cases, 4finance and Lucky 4 All, where it clarified the conditions that need to be fulfilled for a practice to be identified as a pyramid scheme, however, the question remains whether the participants of the pyramid schemes, who actively sell items, can still be considered consumers and therefore enjoy benefits the consumer protection gives them. At the moment, standpoint of the legal doctrine is that the moment of enrolment is decisive on whether someone can be seen as consumer or not. Even if the conditions set by the CJEU are not met, that does not necessarily mean a practice is not unfair. In addition to black listed practices, Unfair Commercial Practices Directive has more provisions, both the general clause and provisions regarding misleading and aggressive commercial practices, under which a practice can be considered unfair. The question arises what are the legal consequences of a contract concluded under the influence of an unfair commercial practice and whether it is valid. The Unfair Commercial Practices Directive's scope is limited as it is without prejudice to contract law and, in particular, to the rules on the validity, formation or effect of a contract, but this does not mean consumers do not have access to the effective remedies including compensation for the damage suffered under the rules of civil law. Despite that, the European Union adopted Directive 2019/2161 amending Council Directive 93/13/EEC and Directives 98/6/EC, 2005/29/EC and 2011/83/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the better enforcement and modernisation of Union consumer protection rules, which amends also the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive, adding the provisions regarding the individual redress to the scope of the directive.
Keywords:	pyramid schemes, multilevel marketing, consumer protection, unfair commercial practices, civil law consequences, defects in consent, validity of the contract, representative actions.

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