Identifikacija slabo ohranjenih trupel : diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa Varstvoslovje

Kostanjevec, Katja

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Title:	Identifikacija slabo ohranjenih trupel : diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa Varstvoslovje
Authors:	ID Kostanjevec, Katja (Author) ID Zupanc, Tomaž (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	UN_Kostanjevec_Katja_2021.pdf (628,72 KB) MD5: A28744FDA35480CB940E07AB81280637 PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/4585bf27-6b28-48fa-b4d0-9504afbd12c2
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security
Abstract:	Identiteta nas nehote definira na poti skozi življenje, tekom njega se spreminja in dopolnjuje glede na spremljajoče se okoliščine. Ljudje se primarno prepoznamo na podlagi videza, natančneje obraza, ki je hkrati naš največji identifikator. V primeru, da je prepoznava na podlagi obraznih potez nemogoča, lahko osebo prepoznamo s pomočjo drugih vizualnih značilnosti ali celo glasu. Skoraj vse našteto pomaga tudi preiskovalcem, kadar imajo opravka z neznanim truplom. Težavnost identifikacije se stopnjuje v primerih potrjevanja identitete umrlih, katerih truplo je močno poškodovano, razpadlo, okostenelo ali razkosano. Naloga organov tako postane vrniti identiteto osebi, ki jo je skozi naštete procese izgubila. Identifikacija je obvezen del mrliškega ogleda in obdukcije, opravlja jo specialist sodne medicine ali za to usposobljen zdravnik. Sumljive okoliščine lahko spremljajo najdbo slabo ohranjenega trupla, zaradi katerih je obvezno sodelovanje preglednika z organi pregona. V sodelovanju morajo zato z dostopnimi metodami dodeliti pozitivno identifikacijo najdenemu slabo ohranjenemu truplu. Namen diplomskega dela je bil razložiti glavne znanstvene in neznanstvene identifikacijske postopke glede na samo ohranjenost trupla ter organe, ki pri samem procesu sodelujejo. Narejen je bil klasičen pregled literature z analizo primarnih in sekundarnih virov. Na podlagi pregleda je bila narejena študija primera o različnih identifikacijskih postopkih, njihova uporabnosti glede na omenjene okoliščine in predstavljenih strokovnjakih, ki pri omenjenih procesih sodelujejo. Med najbolj zanesljive identifikacijske postopke spadajo znanstveni pristopi, kot so DNK-analiza, analiza zob, analiza kosti in daktiloskopski postopki. Zaradi visoke stopnje zanesljivosti se ob ugodnih okoliščinah in kadar je mogoče najprej zberejo vzorci za biološke identifikatorje. V redkih primerih najdbe slabo ohranjenih trupel ali skeletiziranih ostankov se morajo strokovnjaki lotiti drugih identifikacijskih postopkov, ki so v veliki meri odvisni od samih okoliščin. V zadnjem desetletju lahko v takšnih scenarijih pomaga rentgensko slikanje, ki med drugim prikaže možne poškodbe ali medicinske posege na skeletu, ter računalniška toaleta, s pomočjo katere se naredi rekonstrukcijo obraza osebe pred utrpelimi poškodbami. Identifikacijskih postopkov je veliko, vendar je njihova uporabnost in zanesljivost odvisna od danih okoliščin in kazenskopravne zakonodaje.
Keywords:	diplomske naloge, identifikacija, truplo, mrliški preglednik, razkroj trupla
Place of publishing:	Ljubljana
Place of performance:	Ljubljana
Publisher:	[K. Kostanjevec]
Year of publishing:	2021
Year of performance:	2021
Number of pages:	VII, 40 str.
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-79829
UDC:	340.6(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	81319427
Publication date in DKUM:	19.10.2021
Views:	1063
Downloads:	107
Metadata:
Categories:	FVV
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Licences

License:	CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Link:	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:	The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:	18.08.2021

Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	Identification of badly preserved dead bodies
Abstract:	Whether we want it or not, our identity defines us throughout our life, during which it transforms and grows according to its changing environment. We identify each other primarily through our looks, specifically our faces which are the best identifier we possess. When we are unable to identify a person by facial features, we help ourselves with the person's other visual qualities or even with their voice. Almost all of the above also helps investigators when they are dealing with an unknown body. Identification is made harder in cases of confirming the identity of badly damaged, decomposed, ossified or dismembered bodies. The job of the authorities therefore becomes to return identity to the person who lost it through all these processes. Identification is a necessary part of coronary examination and of the obduction and is done by forensic pathologist or a properly qualified doctor. Suspicious circumstances can be present when finding a badly preserved body because of which the coroner's cooperation with the authorities is required. In cooperation they must therefore give a positive identification to the found body using the available methods. The purpose of this diploma is to explain the main scientific and unscientific identification processes according to the level of preservation of the body and the authorities that are involved in the process. A classic overview of literature was done, with an analysis of the primary and secondary sources. On the basis of this overview, a study of the different identification processes, their usefulness given the circumstances and the professionals that are involved in the aforementioned processes. Among the most reliable identification processes we count DNA analysis, teeth, bone and fingerprint analysis. Because of the high level of reliability, the samples for the biological identifiers are taken as soon as possible. In rare cases of badly preserved bodies or skeletonized remains, other identification processes, which depend greatly on the circumstances, have to be used. In the last decade, X-ray photos can help because they can show possible injuries or medical effects on the skeleton; also helpful is the use of computer technology with which a reconstruction can be done of the person's face before suffering the injuries. There is plenty of identification processes but their usefulness and reliability depend on the circumstances and law.
Keywords:	identification, dead body, coroner, body decomposition

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