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Title:Izbira optimalnega postopka ekstrahiranja sivke (lavandula) in določitev biološko aktivnih komponent ter antimikrobnega potenciala : magistrsko delo
Authors:ID Berlan, Klara (Author)
ID Knez Marevci, Maša (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
ID Žitek Makoter, Taja (Comentor)
ID Golle, Andrej (Comentor)
Files:.pdf MAG_Berlan_Klara_2021.pdf (2,97 MB)
MD5: 9CB96834A9466ACE9DACD600F0292113
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/0c8fcd76-d30f-4694-b14c-d1c5527928d5
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Abstract:Namen magistrskega dela je bil preučiti različne ekstrakcijske metode ob uporabi različnih topil. Izvedli smo hladno maceracijo, ultrazvočno ekstrakcijo, ekstrakcijo po Soxhletu ter superkritično ekstrakcijo. Kot topilo smo uporabili heksan, petroleter, vodo, etanol in mešanico etanol:voda (1:1). Ekstrakcijo s superkritičnim ogljikovim dioksidom (SC CO2) smo izvedli pri treh različnih pogojih (40 °C in 250 bar, 60 °C in 250 bar in 40 °C in 250 bar + sotopilo etanol). Sprva smo glede na količino ekstrakta izračunali izkoristek posamezne ekstrakcije, le-ta je bil najvišji pri vzorcu, katerega smo pridobili z ultrazvočno ekstrakcijo z vodo (µ = 54,44 %). Nato smo vsem vzorcem določili antioksidativno aktivnost s pomočjo radikalske metode DPPH. Dobljene rezultate smo prikazali kot stopnjo inhibicije. Vsi vzorci so pričakovano pokazali visoko antioksidativno aktivnost (vrednosti). Z izjemo superkritičnih ekstraktov, so vrednosti dosegale in presegale 80 % inhibicijo. Ekstraktom, katere smo pridobili z vodo in mešanico etanol:voda (1:1), smo izmerili vsebnost totalnih ogljikovih hidratov, saj smo predvideli visoko vsebnost le-teh. Tako smo najvišjo vsebnost OH (0,0759 mg OH / g ekstrakta) izmerili v vzorcu, pridobljenem s hladno maceracijo ob prisotnosti mešanice etanol:voda (1:1). Med tem, ko je vzorec pridobljen s topilom mešanice etanol:voda (1:1), z metodo ekstrakcije po Soxhletu, pokazal najnižje vsebnosti totalnih ogljikovih hidratov (0,0493 mg OH / g ekstrakta). Slednji vzorec je dosegel tudi drugi najvišji izkoristek pri naših analizah (µ = 51,50 %). Pri določanju skupnih fenolov smo se prav tako osredotočili na vodne ekstrakte (vzorci pridobljeni z vodo ter mešanico etanol:voda – 1:1), saj ne vodni ekstrakti (vzorci pridobljeni s topili, kot so heksan, petroleter in etanol) povzročajo težave pri raztapljanju. Posledično dobimo nerealne vrednosti, katere niso primerljive z ostalimi rezultati. Tako smo najnižjo vrednost izmed vseh (6,84 mg GA / g ekstrakta), dobili pri vzorcu, pridobljenem z ekstrakcijo po Soxhletu, s topilom petroleter. Rezultati kažejo, da je vzorec pridobljen z ekstrakcijsko metodo po Soxhletu vseboval največ skupnih fenolnih komponent (102,88 mg GA / g ekstrakta). Najnižjo vsebnost totalnih fenolov pri vodnih vzorcih (54,47 mg GA / g ekstrata), pa smo izmerili vzorcu pridobljenem z ekstrakcijo po Soxhletu, s topilom mešanice etanol:voda (1:1). Za določanje antimikrobnega potenciala smo izbrali mikrodilucijsko metodo. Protimikrobno aktivnost posameznih vzorcev smo preverjali na Gram pozitivne bakterije (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram negativne bakterije (Escherichia coli) in kvasovke (Candida albicans). Ob enem pa smo v tem delu določili tudi najnižje zaviralne koncentracije (MIC). Ugotovili smo, da so vsi vzorci pokazali zaviranje določenega mikroorganizma, le da so se koncentracije, pri katerih se je to zgodilo razlikovale. Najboljše rezultate oz. najnižje zaviralne koncentracije smo dobili na bakterijo Staphylococcus aureus pri vzorcu pridobljenem z ultrazvočno ekstrakcijo z vodo (1,758 mg/mL ).
Keywords:sivka (Lavandula), antioksidanti, ogljikovi hidrati, totalni fenoli, eterična olja, mikrodilucija
Place of publishing:Maribor
Place of performance:Maribor
Publisher:[K. Berlan]
Year of publishing:2021
Number of pages:XI, 58 str.
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-80221 New window
UDC:582.943.14:665.52/.54(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:80887555 New window
Publication date in DKUM:06.10.2021
Views:1543
Downloads:243
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:KTFMB - FKKT
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:02.09.2021

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Selection of the optimal lavender (lavandula) extraction process and determination of biologically active components and antimicrobial potential
Abstract:The purpose of this dissertation is to study different extraction methods by using different solvents. We have performed cold maceration, ultrasound extraction, Soxhlet extraction and supercritical extraction. The solvents we used are hexane, petroleum ether, water, ethanol, and ethanol-water (1:1) mixture. We performed the extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) in three divergent conditions (40 degrees and 250 bar, 60 degrees and 250 bar, and 40 degrees and 250 bar + co-solvent ethanol). Firstly, we calculated the yield of individual extraction based on the quantity of an extract. The highest merit of yield was calculated in the sample with ultrasound extraction with water (µ = 54,44 %). After, we defined antioxidant activity to each sample with a help of the radical method DPPH. We showed gathered results as a percentage of inhibition relative. All samples showed high antioxidant activity (values). Apart from supercritical extracts, all the other merits reached or exceeded the limit of 80% inhibition. We measured the contentment of total carbohydrates with ones we extracted with water and ethanol-water (1:1) mixture because we predicted their high content. We measured the highest content of OH (0,0759 mg OH per g of extract) in the sample, extracted with cold maceration and presence of ethanol-water (1:1) mixture. The samples extracted with solvent ethanol: water (1:1) mixture and Soxhlet extraction showed the lowest content values of total carbohydrates (0,0493 mg OH per g of extract). The latter sample reached the second-highest yield of our analyses (µ = 51,50 %). With defining the total phenolic contents we also focused on water extracts (extracts extracted with water, and ethanol-water mixture – 1:1.) because non-water extracts (extracts extracted with solvents, as hexane, petroleum ether and ethanol) cause dissolvent problems. Thus we get unreal results, which cannot be compared with other results. We got the lowest value of all (6,84 mg GA per g of extract) with Soxhlet extraction, with petroleum ether. The results appear, that the sample extracted with Soxhlet extraction contained the highest amount of total phenolic compounds (102,88 mg GA per g of extract). We measured the lowest content of total phenolic compounds in water (54,47 mg GA per g of extract) in the sample extracted with Soxhlet extraction, with solvent ethanol: water (1:1) mixture. We chose the microdilution method for determining antimicrobial activity. We tested the anti-microbial activity of each sample per Gram-positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative bacterium (Escherichia coli) and fungus (Candida albicans). We also defined minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in this part of the research. We found out that all samples showed deceleration of certain microorganisms, but the concentrations where it appeared, differentiated. We got the best results or minimal inhibitory concentration when we used bacteria Staphylococcus aureus in the sample extracted with ultrasound extraction with water (1,758 mg/mL ).
Keywords:lavender (Lavandula), antioxidant, carbohydrates, total phenolic contents, essential oil, microdilution


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