Odziv institucij Evropske unije na krizo vladavine prava v Evropski uniji : magistrsko delo

Najdenov, Jana

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Title:	Odziv institucij Evropske unije na krizo vladavine prava v Evropski uniji : magistrsko delo
Authors:	ID Najdenov, Jana (Author) ID Weingerl, Petra (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	MAG_Najdenov_Jana_2021.pdf (1,27 MB) MD5: 788CE1CDD8C0ED119EC0BEAA8B2353E0 PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/565656e0-ebd9-49ca-adf3-356f4f54f499
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Master's thesis/paper
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:	Vladavina prava predstavlja hrbtenico modernih pluralističnih in demokratičnih družb. Člen 2 Pogodbe o Evropski uniji vladavino prava določa kot eno izmed temeljnih vrednot, ki so skupne državam članicam in na katerih temelji Unija. Vladavina prava je ključnega pomena za zagotavljanje enake obravnave pred zakonom in zaščito pravic državljanov Unije, poleg tega pa tudi predpogoj za varovanje vseh ostalih vrednot EU, saj zagotavlja, da vsi javni organi delujejo v mejah določenih z zakonom, skladno z vrednotami demokracije in pod nazdorom neodvisnih in nepristranskih sodišč. Vloga neodvisnih in nepristranskih sodišč pri zagotavljanju vladavine prava je bila še posebej poudarjena z Lizbonsko pogodbo, ki je državam članicam naložila vzpostavitev pravnih sredstev, potrebnih za zagotovitev učinkovitega pravnega varstva na področjih, ki jih ureja pravo Unije. Če države članice ne spoštujejo vrednot Unije oz., da ne izpolnjujejo obveznosti iz Pogodb, le ti predpostavljata različne postopke sankcioniranj. Osrednji instrument za ukrepanje v primeru obstoja očitnega tveganja hujše kršitve oz. je hujša in vztrajna kršitev vrednot iz člena 2 PEU že ugotovljena, je politični postopek iz člena 7 PEU. Poleg tega pa Pogodba o delovanju Evropske unije predvideva tudi sodne postopke, za uporabo katerih je potrebno dokazati kršitev prava EU. Sodni postopki kljub dolgotrajnosti največkrat privedejo do uspešne rešitve, vprašanje pa se pojavi, kako reševati izzive v DČ, ki ne spadajo na področje uporabe prava EU, torej jih ni mogoče obravnavati kot kršitev konkretne obveznosti iz Pogodb, vendar pa pomenijo sistemsko nevarnost za vladavino prava. Politični napad na poljsko vrhovno sodišče, izveden z znižanjem upokojitvene starosti, ki je starejše sodnike prisilila v predčasno upokojitev, uvedba novega disciplinskega senata in novih disciplinskih postopkov zoper sodnike, prevzemanje nadzora nad državnimi institucijami, omejevanje medijske svobode, prikrajanje zakonodaje, spodkopavanje moči ustavnega sodišča itd. so ukrepi s katerimi sta Poljska in Madžarska Evropsko unijo pahnili v krizo vladavine prava, ki traja že več kot desetletje. Kljub številnim naporom Komisije, Evropskega parlamenta in Sodišča EU se kriza ne zmanšuje, ravno nasprotno, prihaja do vse pogostejših trenj in neposrednih političnih obračunov med državama članicama kršiteljicama in institucijami EU. V magistrski nalogi bom poskusila osvetliti pomankljivosti ukrepanja institucij EU pri spopadanju s krizo vladavine prava v EU v luči pravnega okvira EU, še zlasti neaktivnost Evropske komisije. vrednote EU, člen 2 PEU, člen 19 (1) PEU, politični postopek, člen 7 PEU, tožba zoper državo članico zaradni neizpolnjevanja obveznosti iz Pogodb, kriza vladavine prava v EU, Poljska, Madžarska, odzivi instutucij EU.
Keywords:	vrednote EU, člen 2 PEU, člen 19 (1) PEU, politični postopek, člen 7 PEU, tožba zoper državo članico zaradni neizpolnjevanja obveznosti iz Pogodb, kriza vladavine prava v EU, Poljska, Madžarska, odzivi instutucij EU.
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Place of performance:	Maribor
Publisher:	[J. Najdenov]
Year of publishing:	2021
Number of pages:	110 str.
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-80646
UDC:	341:061.6 EU(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:	81156867
Publication date in DKUM:	18.10.2021
Views:	1305
Downloads:	301
Metadata:
Categories:	PF
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Licences

License:	CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Link:	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:	The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:	26.09.2021

Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	The response of the institutions of the European union to the crisis of the rule of law in the European union
Abstract:	The rule of law is the backbone of modern pluralistic and democratic societies. It is enshrined in Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union as one of the common values of all Member States of the EU and one of the main values upon which the Union is based. The rule of law is crucial for ensuring equal treatment under the law and protecting the rights of Union citizens. It is also a precondition for safeguarding all other EU values, as it ensures that all public powers act within constrains set out by law, in accordance with the values of democracy and fundamental rights and under the control of independent and impartial courts. The role of independent and impartial courts in ensuring compliance with the rule of law was particurlarly emphasized by the Lisbon Treaty, which required Member States to establish the legal remedies necessary yo ensure effective legal protection in areas governd by Union law. Supposing that the Member States disregard the values set out in article 2 TEU or if they do not fulfill their obligations under the EU Treaties there are different types of sanctioning procedures. The main instrument to be used when there is a clear risk of serious breach or if a serious and persistent breach of the values set out in Article 2 TEU has already occured is the political procedure defined in Article 7 TEU. In addition, the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union also provides legal procedures which can be used if there breach of specific provision of EU law. Despite being long-lasting, legal proceedings often lead to a successful solution, however the question arises as to how to address challenges that do not fall within the scope of EU law, so they cannot be considered a breach of Treaty obligations but pose a systemic threat to the rule of law. Political assault on the Polish Supreme Court by lowering retirement ages and therefore forcing older judges into retirement, introducing new disciplinary regime and new new judicial disciplinary rules, taking control of state institutions, restriction of media freedom, concealment of legislation, undermining the power of the Constitutional Court, ...all these are the measures taken by Poland and Hungary to plunge the European Union into a crisis of the rule of law that has been lasting now for more than a decade. Despite the many efforts of the European commission, the European Parliament and the Court of Justice, the crisis is not diminishing, on the contrary, there are increasing frictions and direct political confrontations between the offending Member States and the EU institutions. In this thesis I will try to highlight the shortcomings of actions taken by EU institutions dealing with the rule of law crisis in light of the EU legal framework, especially the inactivity of the European commission.
Keywords:	EU values, article 2 TEU, article 19(1) TFEU, political procedure, aticle 7 TEU, preliminary ruling procedure, infingement procedure, rule of law crisis in the EU, Poland, Hungary, the response of EU institutions.

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