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Title:Specializirana kazenska sodišča in sodni oddelki v Republiki Italiji ter analiza specializiranih vojaških sodišč in sodnih oddelkov v izbranih državah : magistrsko delo
Authors:ID Zupanič, Primož (Author)
ID Šepec, Miha (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf MAG_Zupanic_Primoz_2022.pdf (1,91 MB)
MD5: FF6869126CD0020F0E37A606C289048C
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/50229783-84a6-4657-a4cc-7a817f949a81
 
.zip MAG_Zupanic_Primoz_2022.zip (181,15 KB)
MD5: 748EC8F506F8807C76A90F61680F41F0
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/bb68f18d-d8e5-4aeb-aa1c-808c010764e3
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:Specializacija sodišč je hitro naraščajoč trend, ki se je močneje izrazil zlasti v državah v razvoju in nedavno razvitih državah. Sodišča imajo ozko usmerjeno jurisdikcijo, na katerih sodijo posebej usposobljeni sodniki za določeno materijo. Kljub temu se posamezne razvite države še zmeraj ne odločajo za ustanavljanje specializiranih sodišč, niti specializiranih oddelkov rednih splošnih sodišč. Razloge za to je mogoče iskati tudi v strahu posameznih držav, da bi takšna reorganizacija sodnega sistema utegnila povzročiti številne izzive, predvsem na področju financ in kadrovanja. V skladu z določili italijanske zakonodaje, ki jo podrobneje obravnavam v magistrskem delu, specializiranih sodišč ni mogoče ustanoviti, je pa mogoče v okviru rednih sodišč splošne pristojnosti ustanoviti posebne oddelke za posamezne zadeve. V okviru teh posebnih oddelkov so lahko v odločanje vključeni tudi kvalificirani posamezniki, ki niso člani sodstva. Težnja po ustanovitvi novih specializiranih oddelkov, namenjenih izboljšanju organizacije italijanskega sodstva in kvaliteti odločanja v posameznih postopkih, se je v Italiji pojavila v začetku 21. stoletja. Predvsem je temu botrovalo naraščajoče število sodnih primerov, zaradi česar se je za Italijo razširilo splošno mnenje kot državo z zelo počasnih in neučinkovitim sodnim sistemom. Drugače pa je bilo v ureditvi vojaškega pravosodja. V preteklosti se je sam izraz vojaško pravo izpostavljal kot način vojaškega uveljavljanja reda nad civilnim prebivalstvom, kasneje pa se je razširil na disciplinsko vojaško pravo, katerega cilj je zagotavljanje discipline znotraj oboroženih sil. Stuktura sodišč, pravna pravila, ki so praviloma strožja in postopki v vojaškem pravosodju se lahko bistveno razlikujejo od tistih v civilnih postopkih. V zadnjih dveh desetletjih so se v številnih nacionalnih sistemih vojaškega pravosodja zgodile spremembe. Zaradi razvoja pravosodnih sistemov, zagotavljanja spoštovanja temeljnih človekovih pravic in svoboščin ter teženj po vzpostavitvi čim bolj pravičnega sodnega sistema, so številne države po svetu popolnoma opustile vojaška sodišča, vojaške kazenske zadeve pa so v celoti ali deloma prepustila splošnim sodiščem. V posameznih državah so se tako za obravnavanje zadev oblikovali posebni specializirani vojaški sodni oddelki, drugod pa so te zadeve v pristojnosti splošnih rednih sodišč. Kljub temu vojaška jurisdikcija kot poseben del sodnega sistema še zmeraj obstaja v številnih državah, tudi evropskih. Ponekod gre ureditev do te stopnje, da pristojnosti vojaških sodišč podredijo tudi policijo in ostale pripadnike nacionalnih varnostnih sil ter zaposlene, ki so neposredno ali posredno vključeni v opravljanje nalog v sestavi organov oboroženih sil. Argument za obstoj vojaških pravosodnih sistemov, vzporedno s civilnim sistemom, je večinoma ta, da splošnim sodnikom običajno primanjkuje strokovno znanje o vojaških zadevah. Glavni razlog za ločeni sodni sistem je edinstveni značaj vojaške branže, kjer imajo disciplina, organiziranost in hierarhija ključno vlogo ter so bistvene za ohranjanje učinkovitosti in bojne pripravljenosti oboroženih sil.
Keywords:Specializacija, sodišče, sodni oddelek, kazensko pravo, vojaški pravosodni sistem, vojaška zakonodaja, vojno pravo, ločeni sodni sistem.
Place of publishing:Maribor
Place of performance:Maribor
Year of publishing:2022
Number of pages:1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (83 str.))
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-81452 New window
UDC:347.9:343(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:114736643 New window
Note:Sistemske zahteve: pdf datoteka
Publication date in DKUM:08.07.2022
Views:557
Downloads:80
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:PF
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:28.03.2022

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Specialized criminal courts and court departments in italy, analysis of specialized military courts and court departments in selected countries
Abstract:Establishment of specialized courts is a rapidly growing trend, particularly evident in developing or recently developed countries. They are defined as courts with a narrow jurisdiction, where cases are judged by specially trained judges for a particular matter. Despite that many countries have still not decided on the establishment of specialized courts or specialized divisions of regular general courts. The reason for this could also be found in the fear of individual country that such a reorganization of the judicial system would represent challenges, especially in the field of finance and working staff. In accordance with the provisions of Italian law, which are discussed in this master thesis, specialized courts cannot be established. Instead of this special divisions for individual cases may be set up within the courts of general jurisdiction. Qualified individuals who are not members of the judiciary may also be involved in decision-making within special departments. The tendency to establish new specialized departments aimed at improving the organization of the Italian Society and the quality of decision-making in individual proceedings emerged in Italy at the beginning of the 21st century. Above all, this was preceded by a growing number of court cases, which led to the spread of general opinion for Italy as a country with a very slow and inefficient judicial system. It was different in the regulation of military justice. In the past, the term military law itself was much more prominent as a way of enforcing public order over the civilian population, whether in occupied territory or in wartime, but later extended to disciplinary military law as that part of law, which aims to ensure discipline within armed forces. The structure of courts, legal rules and procedures in military justice can differ significantly from those in civil proceedings. The rules are usually stricter, which can lead to questions about the compliance of individual procedures with the principles of international law, respect for human rights and ensuring fair trial proceedings. Over the last two decades, many changes have taken place in a large number of national military justice systems. Due to the development of judicial systems, respect for fundamental human rights and freedoms, and the pursuit of the fairest possible judicial system, many countries around the world have abandoned military courts as specialized courts system and left the decisions in military criminal matters to general courts. In some countries, specialized military judicial departments have been set up to deal with cases, while elsewhere these cases fall under the jurisdiction of general ordinary courts. Nevertheless, military jurisdiction as a special part of the judicial system still exists in many countries, including European ones. In some places, the regulation goes so far as to subordinate the jurisdiction of military courts to the police and other members of the national security forces, as well as to employees directly or indirectly involved in the performance of tasks within the armed forces. The argument for the existence of military justice systems, in parallel with the civilian system, is that general judges are usually lack in expertise in military matters. The main reason for a separate judicial system, however, is the unique character of the military order, where discipline, organization and hierarchy play a key role. They are essential for maintaining the efficiency and combat readiness of the armed forces.
Keywords:Specialization, court, court department, criminal law, military judicial system, military legislation, military law, separate court system.


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