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Title:Problematika prepoznavne vrste : diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa Varstvoslovje
Authors:ID Pildek, Maja (Author)
ID Areh, Igor (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf UN_Pildek_Maja_2022.pdf (1,05 MB)
MD5: 1E33E71C3D6136C1063B71E8E0F8540C
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/c0bcc70a-614b-45ef-b402-e6ea000eefb1
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security
Abstract:Kot pravi slovenski pregovor »nesreča, nikoli ne počiva«, to velja tudi za delo organov pregona, saj tudi zločin oz. kaznivo dejanje nikoli ne počiva. Nikoli ne veš, za katerim ovinkom boš lahko postal žrtev ali priča tega dejanja. Preiskovanja kaznivih dejanj so več časa (lahko tudi let) trajajoči postopki, kjer je vse odvisno od tega, kakšne dokaze in koliko jih potrebujejo, da se lahko postopek zaključi. Na koncu lahko to privede do obsodbe osumljenca ali njegove oprostitve, čeprav pa je možno tudi, da storilca nikoli ne najdejo. Kadar policija pri preiskavi na razpolago nima dovolj materialnih dokazov, se poslužuje izjav prič ali očividcev. Kakor je to lahko prednost, je lahko po drugi strani tudi slabost, saj se zgodi, da priča poda netočno ali lažno izjavo in se zaradi pomanjkanja materialnih dokazov obsodi nedolžen osumljenec. Ta problem zadnjih nekaj let veliko izpostavljajo v Združenih državah Amerike, kjer obsodijo tudi do 70 % nedolžnih osumljencev, zgolj na podlagi pričanja očividcev. Namen diplomskega dela je bil pregled študij na to temo. Pri tem pa se osredotočiti na študije, ki temeljijo na dejanski praksi in niso podprte samo s pregledom literature. Na podlagi tega smo postavili tri hipoteze, s katerimi smo želeli podpreti cilj naše raziskave. Ta pa je temeljil na ugotovitvi, kako učinkovite so prepoznavne vrste pri preiskovanju kaznivih dejanj in kako točne rezultate dajejo. Osredotočali smo se tudi na to, katera oblika prepoznavne vrste je najbolj učinkovita. Poleg tega smo želeli tudi raziskati nove metode postopka prepoznave, ki prav tako ne temeljijo na materialnih dokazih, in ni njihovo glavno preiskovalno sredstvo prepoznavna vrsta. Prišli smo do ugotovitve, da je bolj učinkovita zaporedna prepoznavna vrsta, saj ta poveča odzivnost in s tem število prepoznav, po drugi strani pa je manj nagnjena k sugestijam. Na prepoznavno vrsto, kot tudi učinkovitost njenega rezultata, pa lahko vpliva veliko dejavnikov, ki so lahko povezani s storilcem, pričo, krajem dogajanja ali kazenskim postopkom. Pri iskanju novih alternativ smo naleteli na nove programe, ki imajo potencial spremeniti način postopka prepoznave in s tem morda zmanjšati napake, ki se v postopku pojavljajo. To pa je lahko tudi izhodišče za nove študije, ki si prizadevajo manjše število nedolžno obsojenih.
Keywords:diplomske naloge, prepoznavna vrsta, prepoznava, očividec, zaznavanje, spomin
Place of publishing:Ljubljana
Place of performance:Ljubljana
Publisher:[M. Pildek]
Year of publishing:2022
Year of performance:2022
Number of pages:VII, 37 str.
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-81522 New window
UDC:343.98:159.9(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:106870531 New window
Publication date in DKUM:06.05.2022
Views:1047
Downloads:207
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:FVV
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:07.04.2022

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Issues surrounding a suspect line-up recognition
Abstract:As the Slovenian saying goes, “an accident never rests”, this also applies to the work of our law enforcement officers, because crime never rests either. You never know on which corner of the street you might become a victim or witness of the act of crime. Criminal investigations are a long-standing procedure that can take up to several years to solve, depending on what evidence is needed to complete the case. In the end, it all leads to the suspect´s conviction or acquittal, although it is also possible that the perpetrator is never found. When the police do not have enough material evidence to investigate, they use statements from witnesses. While this can be an advantage in some cases it can be a disadvantage in others, as it may lead to a witness making a false statement and, due to lack of material evidence, to the conviction of an innocent suspect. This problem has been especially highlighted in the Unlighted States for the last couple of years, since it is the country of up to 70% of convicted innocent suspects on the basis of eyewitness testimony alone. The purpose of this thesis was to review studies on this topic. We focused on studies that are based on actual practice and not just on a literature review. Based on this, we set out three hypotheses to support the aim of our research. This was based on how effective line-ups are in crime investigations and how accurate results they produce. We have also focused on which of the forms of line-up is more effective. In addition, we also wanted to explore new methods of the identification process that are also not based on physical evidence, and do not have line-ups as the main means of investigation. We came to the conclusion that the sequential line-up is more effective, as it helps increase the responsiveness and thons the number of recognitions, and on the other hand is less prone to suggestion. However, many factors can have influence on the line-up, as well as the effectiveness of its outcome, which may be related to the perpetrator, the witness, the place of crime and its surroundings or the criminal proceedings. In our search for new alternatives, we have come across new programmes that have the potential to change the way the identification process works, and perhaps reduce the errors that occur in it. This can also be a starting point for new studies that aim to reduce the number of innocent people convicted.
Keywords:line-up, recognition, eyewitness, perception, memory


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