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Title:Termična obdelava odpadkov nastalih pri vzreji živali : diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa I. stopnje
Authors:ID Šantl, Neža (Author)
ID Urbancl, Danijela (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
ID Stergar, Janja (Comentor)
ID Petrovič, Aleksandra (Comentor)
Files:.pdf UN_Santl_Neza_2022.pdf (4,01 MB)
MD5: 78A72171641557B8F286E5B8E4C471DE
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Abstract:Namen diplomske naloge je bila termična obdelava odpadkov iz vzreje živali in karakterizacija nastalih produktov. Kot testne vzorce smo uporabili iztrebke perutnine, steljo, ter njuno mešanico (razmerje 1:1). Termično obdelavo smo izvedli z metodo torefikacije (pri obratovalnih temperaturah 200 in 250 °C) in metodo hidrotermalne karbonizacije (pri 250 °C). S torefikacijo smo pridobili bio-oglje, s hidrotermalno karbonizacijo pa hidro-oglje in procesne tekočine. Produkte smo kemijsko karakterizirali in naredili primerjavo glede na vrsto surovine in metodo obdelave. Karakterizacijo surovin in trdnih produktov smo izvedli z elementno in FTIR analizo, analizo kurilne vrednosti, vsebnosti hlapnih snovi, vlage in pepela. Dodatno smo naredili termogravimetrično (TGA) analizo sežiga vzorcev v zračni atmosferi in pridobljene podatke uporabili za kinetično modeliranje. S pomočjo Flynn—Wall—Ozawa (FWO) kinetičnega modela smo določili kinetične in termodinamske parametre posameznih vzorcev. V procesnih tekočinah smo analizirali parametre TOC, KPK, skupni dušik in skupni fosfor, ter vsebnost skupnih fenolov. Z namenom preizkušanja možnosti uporabe produktov kot izboljševalcev tal za kmetijske namene smo na izbranih vzorcih izvedli teste kaljivosti z vrtno krešo. Ugotovili smo, da se karakteristike produktov posamezne surovine glede na vrsto termične obdelave bistveno razlikujejo. Metoda torefikacije daje pri izbrani temperaturi oglje z višjo vsebnostjo C in višjo teoretično kurilno vrednostjo. Temperatura torefikacije ima vpliv na karakteristike produktov. Trdni produkti so imeli karakteristike podobne premogu. FTIR analiza je pokazala spremembe v hidroksilnih skupinah celuloze, hemiceluloze in lignina ter v aromatskih funkcionalnih skupinah. FWO kinetični model se je izkazal kot primeren za opis kinetičnih parametrov, saj je izkazal visoke vrednosti koeficientov ujemanja. Testi kaljivosti z vrtno krešo so pokazali, da imajo testirani produkti torefikacije in hidrotermalne karbonizacije perspektivo za uporabo v agrarne namene.
Keywords:termična obdelava, odpadki živinoreje, torefikacija, hidrotermalna karbonizacija, termogravimetrična analiza, kinetika
Place of publishing:Maribor
Place of performance:Maribor
Publisher:[N. Šantl]
Year of publishing:2022
Number of pages:1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (IX, 69 f.))
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-82268 New window
UDC:662.734(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:121660163 New window
Publication date in DKUM:13.09.2022
Views:940
Downloads:477
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:KTFMB - FKKT
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Licences

License:CC BY-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
Description:Under the NoDerivatives Creative Commons license one can take a work released under this license and re-distribute it, but it cannot be shared with others in adapted form, and credit must be provided to the author.
Licensing start date:11.08.2022

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Thermal treatment of waste from animal breeding
Abstract:The thesis aimed to thermally process waste from animal breeding and characterize the resulting products. As test samples, we used poultry droppings, beehives, and their mixture (ratio 1:1). Thermal treatment was carried out by the torrefaction method (at operating temperatures 200 and 250 °C) and the hydrothermal carbonization method (at 250 °C). With torrefaction, we obtained bio-char and hydrothermal carbonization. We received hydro-char and process fluids. The products were chemically characterized and compared according to the type of raw material and the treatment method. The characterization of raw materials and solid products was carried out by elemental and FTIR analysis, analysis of the heating value, volatile content, moisture, and ash. Using the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) kinetic model, we determined the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the individual samples. We conducted germination tests with garden cress on selected samples to test the possibility of using products as soil improvers for agricultural purposes. In process fluids, we analyzed the parameters of TOC, COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, and the total phenols content. The characteristics of the products differ significantly depending on the type of thermal treatment. The torrefaction method gives charcoal at the selected temperature with a higher C content and a higher theoretical heating value. The temperature of the torrefaction has an impact on the characteristics of the products. Solid products had characteristics similar to coal. The FTIR analysis showed changes in hydroxyl groups of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignite, and aromatic functional groups. The FWO kinetic model has proven to be suitable for describing kinetic parameters, demonstrating high values of matching coefficients. Germination tests have shown that the tested products of torrefaction and hydrothermal carbonization have a perspective for agricultural purposes.
Keywords:thermal treatment, livestock wastes, torrefaction, hydrothermal carbonisation, thermogravimetric analysis, kinetics


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