Valorizacija storžev iglavcev za pridobivanje vrednih komponent : diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študijskega programa I. stopnje

Švec, Mihaela

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Title:	Valorizacija storžev iglavcev za pridobivanje vrednih komponent : diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študijskega programa I. stopnje
Authors:	ID Švec, Mihaela (Author) ID Škerget, Mojca (Mentor) More about this mentor... ID Čolnik, Maja (Comentor)
Files:	MAG_Svec_Mihaela_2022.pdf (5,87 MB) MD5: 97FAAD71E28DF7C30B1EDA8AEA47BAFA
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Master's thesis/paper
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Abstract:	Storži so reproduktivna struktura iglavcev in predstavljajo odpadno lignocelulozno biomaso bogato s fenolnimi spojinami, tanini, ogljikovimi hidrati, sladkorji in njihovimi derivati. Le-te vredne komponente je možno iz storžev iglavcev pridobiti s pomočjo podkritične vode, kjer je voda segreta med 100 in 374 °C, pri dovolj visokem tlaku, da ohrani tekoče stanje. V okviru magistrske naloge smo storže ekstrahirali s podkritično vodo pri temperaturah od 120 do 250 °C in reakcijskih časih od 15 do 60 min. Za primerjavo smo izvedli še konvencionalno ekstrakcijo z uporabo 50 % vodne raztopine acetona in 100 % acetona. S spektrofotometričnimi metodami smo v ekstraktih storžev določili vsebnosti vrednih komponent kot tudi antioksidativnost. S HPLC metodo smo določili vsebnosti sladkorjev in furfuralov. Maksimalni izkoristek ekstrakcije je znašal 29,36 % in smo ga dosegli z uporabo podkritične vode kot medija pri 200 °C in 15 min. Najvišjo vsebnost totalnih fenolov smo določili pri 150 °C ter 15 min, kjer je količina izoliranih fenolov znašala 39,86 mg GA/g materiala. Pri teh reakcijskih pogojih smo določili tudi najvišjo antioksidativno aktivnost ekstrakta (83,12 %). Maksimalno vsebnost totalnih taninov smo določili pri 150 °C ter 60 min, kjer smo izolirali 25,85 mg TA/g materiala. Najvišjo koncentracijo celokupnih ogljikovih hidratov smo določili pri 180 °C in 15 min (7,94 mg TOH/g materiala), medtem ko smo največ sladkorjev in furfuralov določili pri 200 °C ter reakcijskih časih 30 in 60 min. Prav tako smo v sklopu magistrske naloge skušali iz borovih storžev pridobiti nanocelulozo po kemijski metodi in tudi z ekstrakcijo s podkritično vodo. Pridobljeno nanocelulozo smo analizirali s FTIR analizo in ji prav tako določili tudi velikost delcev. Najvišji izkoristek nanoceluloze smo določili pri 150 °C in 30 min, ki je znašal 8,67 %.
Keywords:	storži, odpadna biomasa, podkritična voda, vredne komponente, antioksidativnost, nanoceluloza
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Place of performance:	Maribor
Publisher:	[M. Švec]
Year of publishing:	2022
Number of pages:	1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (X, 52 f.))
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-83362
UDC:	66.061.3:547.458.84(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	133511427
Publication date in DKUM:	28.11.2022
Views:	860
Downloads:	136
Metadata:
Categories:	KTFMB - FKKT
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Licences

License:	CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Link:	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:	The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:	05.11.2022

Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	Valorization of conifer cones to produce valuable components
Abstract:	Cones are the reproductive structure of conifers and are representatives of lignocellulosic waste biomass rich in phenolic compounds, tannins, carbohydrates, sugars and their derivatives. These valuable components can be obtained from conifer cones by using subcritical water, where the water is heated between 100 and 374 °C, at increased pressure so that it remains in the liquid state. In the experimental part of the master thesis, pine cones were extracted using subcritical water at temperatures ranging from 120 to 250 °C and reaction times from 15 to 60 min. For comparison, a conventional extraction with a 50 % aqueous acetone solution and 100 % acetone was also performed. The contents of valuable components as well as the antioxidant activity of the cone extracts were determined using the spectrophotometric methods. The contents of sugars and furfurals were determined by HPLC method. The maximum extraction yield was 29,36 %, which was achieved by using subcritical water as medium at 200 °C for 15 min. The highest amount of total phenols, 39,86 mg GA/g of the material, was determined at 150 °C and 15 min. The highest antioxidant activity of the extracts (83,12 %) was also found under these reaction conditions. The maximum amount of isolated tannins, which was 25,85 mg TA/g of the material, was determined at 150 °C and 60 min. The highest amount of total carbohydrates was determined at 180 °C and 15 min (7,94 mg TOH/g of material), while the highest concentrations of sugars and furfurals were determined at 200 °C and reaction times 30 and 60 min. In addition, the extraction of nanocellulose from pine cones using a chemical method and subcritical water was also studied. The obtained nanocellulose was analyzed by FTIR analysis and its particle size was determined. The highest yield of nanocellulose was obtained at 150 °C and 30 min was 8,67 %.
Keywords:	cones, waste biomass, subcritical water, valuable components, antioxidant capacity, nanocellulose

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