Analiza biorazgradnje zaščitnih mask za preprečevanje širjenja virusa SARS-CoV-2 v vodnih medijih : magistrsko delo

Jelenko, Jernej

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Title:	Analiza biorazgradnje zaščitnih mask za preprečevanje širjenja virusa SARS-CoV-2 v vodnih medijih : magistrsko delo
Authors:	ID Jelenko, Jernej (Author) ID Simonič, Marjana (Mentor) More about this mentor... ID Volmajer Valh, Julija (Comentor) ID Turel, Matejka (Comentor)
Files:	MAG_Jelenko_Jernej_2023.pdf (7,44 MB) MD5: 58B63E5B2C2198700FF60E8353A26B2C
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Master's thesis/paper
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Abstract:	Pandemija COVID-19 je povzročila široko uporabo zaščitnih medicinskih mask za enkratno uporabo. Prekomerna uporaba plastičnih zaščitnih mask povzroča resno škodo naravnemu ekosistemu. Zaradi tega je nastala velika potreba po metodah za hitro izdelavo biorazgradljivih zaščitnih mask po nizki ceni bodisi iz bioplastike bodisi iz naravnih vlaken. Številne raziskave opisujejo biorazgradnjo polimerov v zemlji in kompostu, manj raziskav pa je narejenih za vodne medije. Vendar pa velika količina zavrženih zaščitnih mask konča ne samo na tleh, ampak tudi v vodnih sistemih. Biorazgradljivost je lastnost sistema in jo je treba obravnavati v kontekstu prevladujočih okoljskih razmer. Z okoljskega vidika so zato laboratorijski testi v nadzorovanih pogojih obvezni, vendar sami po sebi le prvi pokazatelj stopenj biorazgradnje plastičnega materiala v naravnem okolju. V magistrskem delu smo se osredotočili na določevanje aerobne biorazgradnje zaščitnih mask v vodnih medijih. Stopnjo biorazgradnje materiala v odvisnosti od časa smo določili preko sproščenega CO2, ki smo ga merili z ECHO respirometrom. Teste smo izvajali po standardu ISO 14855 in ISO 14852, a smo ugotovili, da je primeren le standard ISO 14852, ki je specifično namenjen določevanju biorazgradnje polimerov v vodnih medijih. Za inokulum vodnega medija je bil izbran kompost Humovit. Določili smo stopnjo biorazgradljivosti za referenčni material mikrokristalne celuloze (58,4 % v 75 dneh), masko iz lana/bombaža (67,1 % v 75 dneh), masko iz konoplje (59,6 % v 75 dneh), masko iz pihane celuloze (37,2 % v 21 dneh) in medicinsko kirurško masko (0,5 % v 21 dneh oz. se ni razgrajevala). Za določitev učinkovitosti biorazgradnje smo naredili še FTIR analizo zaščitnih mask pred in po eksperimentu biorazgradnje. Iz dobljenih FTIR spektrov smo potrdili prisotnost novih funkcionalnih skupin na površini zaščitnih mask, ki so posledica procesa oksidacije.
Keywords:	biorazgradnja, zaščitne maske, COVID-19, respirometrija, biopolimeri, vodno okolje
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Place of performance:	Maribor
Publisher:	[J. Jelenko]
Year of publishing:	2023
Number of pages:	1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (X, 60 f.))
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-83932
UDC:	628.4.046+[628.16:66.098.4](043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	148491267
Publication date in DKUM:	04.04.2023
Views:	814
Downloads:	90
Metadata:
Categories:	KTFMB - FKKT
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Licences

License:	CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Link:	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:	The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:	14.03.2023

Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	Analysis of biodegradation of protective masks for prevention of spreading SARS-CoV-2 in aqueous media
Abstract:	The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the widespread use of protective disposable medical masks. The elevated use of plastic facemasks is causing severe damage to the ecosystem. As a result, a dire need to derive methods for the rapid production of biodegradable face masks at a low cost, either from bioplastics or from natural fibres, has arisen. Many studies describe the biodegradation of polymers in soil and compost, but less research is done for aqueous media. However, a large amount of discarded protective masks end up not only on the ground, but also in water systems. Biodegradability is a system property and needs to be seen within the context of the prevailing environmental conditions. Therefore, from the environmental point of view, laboratory tests under controlled conditions are mandatory but, by themselves, give only a first indication of biodegradation rates for a plastic material in the open environment. In the master's thesis, we focused on determining the aerobic biodegradation of protective masks in water media. The degree of biodegradation of the material as a function of time was determined through the released CO2, which was measured with an ECHO respirometer. We performed the tests according to the ISO 14855 and ISO 14852 standards, but we found that only the ISO 14852 standard, which is specifically intended to determine the biodegradation of polymers in aqueous media, is suitable. Humovit compost was chosen as the inoculum of the water medium. We determined the degree of biodegradability for the microcrystalline cellulose reference material (58.4% in 75 days), the linen/cotton mask (67.1% in 75 days), the hemp mask (59.6% in 75 days), the blown cellulose mask (37.2% in 21 days) and a medical surgical mask (0.5% in 21 days; did not degrade). Based on the obtained FTIR spectra, we confirmed the presence of new functional groups on the surface of the protective masks, which are the result of the oxidation process.
Keywords:	biodegradation, face masks, COVID-19, respirometry, biopolymers, aquatic environment

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