Prostorsko modeliranje bioplinskega potenciala za sočasno anaerobno razgradnjo živinskih in prehranskih odpadkov : doktorska disertacija

Levstek, Tomaž

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Title:	Prostorsko modeliranje bioplinskega potenciala za sočasno anaerobno razgradnjo živinskih in prehranskih odpadkov : doktorska disertacija
Authors:	ID Levstek, Tomaž (Author) ID Rozman, Črtomir (Mentor) More about this mentor... ID Stajnko, Denis (Member of the commission for defense)
Files:	DOK_Levstek_Tomaz_2023.pdf (3,20 MB) MD5: 301FB472C72F89400F047DE459A59285
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Doctoral dissertation
Typology:	2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
Organization:	FKBV - Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences
Abstract:	Cilj raziskave je bil razviti interaktivni model GIS za iskanje primernih lokacij za postavitev mikro bioplinarne. Z modelom smo na podlagi razpoložljivih kvantitativnih in prostorskih podatkov o kmetijah in prehranskih odpadkih na izbranem območju iskali primerne lokacije za mikro bioplinarne, ki ob predvidenih proizvodnih parametrih omogočajo ekonomsko upravičeno proizvodnjo. Primarni vhodni substrati so goveji gnoj, prehranski odpadki in odpadna prehranska olja. Za izdelavo modela smo uporabili odprtokodni program QGis in podatke iz leta 2019, njegovo eksperimentalno validacijo pa smo izvedli na območju Gorenjske. Iz končnega izbora smo izločili farme z več kot 500 GVŽ, ker smo v svojem konceptu energetskih skupnosti predvideli samo zasebne manjše kmetije. S pomočjo večnivojskih interesnih območij smo nato določili optimalno razdaljo za oblikovanje skupka kmetij, ki sestavljajo potencialno energetsko skupnost s skupno bioplinarno. Pri tem smo zaradi čim nižjih transportnih stroškov upoštevali skupke na čim manjši površini, kar pomeni optimalno razdaljo med kmetijami. To razdaljo lahko v modelu poljubno spreminjamo glede na količino odpadkov v okolici ali druge prostorske dejavnike. V svojem izračunu smo določili spodnjo in zgornjo mejo števila GVŽ med 300 in 500. Skupkom GVŽ kot primernim lokacijam za mikro bioplinarne smo dodali lokacije prehranskih obratov ter njihovo količino oddanih prehranskih odpadkov in odpadnega jedilnega olja. Z dodajanjem uteži v obliki razdalje od primarnih skupkov GVŽ smo izločili vse lokacije, ki so brez odpadkov ali odpadnih olj. Preizkusili smo dva scenarija z različno razdaljo skupkov GVŽ in različno razdaljo območij prehranskih obratov. Za izhodišče smo vzeli štiri velikosti bioplinarn, in sicer 20 kW, 30 kW, 40 kW in 50 kW. Življenjska doba projekta je načrtovana za dobo 25 let, ko naj bi prišlo do tehnološke iztrošenosti tehnologije. Za bioplinarne smo načrtovali 8000 ur delovanja na leto. Osnova za izračun odkupne cene električne energije je referenčna cena 64,01 €/MWh za leto 2019, ki jo je pripravila Agencija za energijo. Osnovni ceni je dodano 82,9 € obratovalne podpore, ki jo vsako leto izračunava Borzen. K temu se prida še 8,29 € dodatne podpore za rabo 15-% deleža toplote v vhodni energiji bioplina, 8,29 € (10 %) za uporabo gnoja in gnojevke v več kot 30-% deležu in dodatnih 16,58 € (20 %) kot obratovalna podpora za vse naprave do 200 kW. Tako smo dobili zagotovljeno odkupno ceno 180,07 €/MWh. Za ceno toplote smo upoštevali povprečno ceno lastniških distribucijskih sistemov daljinskega ogrevanja (brez sistemov na lesno biomaso) za Gorenjsko, ki jo določa Agencija za energijo in je za leto 2019 znašala 102 €/MWh toplote. Za ekonomsko oceno investicije smo uporabili neto sedanjo vrednost (NSD), diskontirano dobo vračanja (DDV) in interno stopnjo donosnosti (ISD). Združevanje kmetij v skupke je potekalo v okviru dveh ločenih scenarijev na razdalji 350 in 500 metrov, združevanje prehranskih odpadkov in odpadnih maščob pa v petih interesnih pasovih pri razdalji 350, 800, 1000, 1500 in 2000 m. Pri tretjem scenariju smo z modelom iskali možnosti za mikro bioplinarno v občini Bled, ki ima zaradi velike turistične priljubljenosti razmeroma veliko turističnih namestitev in s tem večje količine prehranskih odpadkov. Pri prvem scenariju smo dobili 6 lokacij z interesnimi pasovi na petih razdaljah. Štiri lokacije se ponavljajo pri vseh razdaljah interesnih pasov (Naklo 1, Naklo 2, Kranj 1, Cerklje na Gorenjskem), dve lokaciji pa se pojavita v interesnem pasu 800 metrov (Šenčur) in 1000 metrov (Kranj 2). Samo na dveh lokacijah je NSV pozitivna (Naklo 1, Kranj 1), na preostalih štirih pa je negativna. Lokacija Naklo 1 ima pri razdalji 350 m NSV 50.254,30 €, ISD 13 % in DDV 20 let, pri razdalji 800 m so parametri enaki, pri razdalji 1000 m pa so NSV 56.182,85 €, ISD 13,6 % in DDV 21 let ter pri razdalji 1500 m NSV 65.614,98 €, ISD 13,8 % in DDV 21 let. Na lokaciji Kranj 1 so pri razdalji 350 m
Keywords:	bioplin, mikro bioplinarna, mapiranje GIS, prehranski odpadki, energijske samooskrbne skupnosti, ekonomika bioplinarne
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Place of performance:	Maribor
Publisher:	T. Levstek
Year of publishing:	2023
Number of pages:	XI, 103 f.
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-84095
UDC:	628.336.6:628.4.032:631.1:620.91:004.9(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:	165790211
Publication date in DKUM:	26.09.2023
Views:	687
Downloads:	87
Metadata:
Categories:	FKBV
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Licences

License:	CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Link:	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:	The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:	11.04.2023

Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	Spatial modeling of biogas potential for anaerobic codigestion of animal and food waste : Ph. D. thesis
Abstract:	The aim of the study was to develop a model for finding the most suitable locations for the installation of micro-biogas plants (<50 kW), which represent an efficient way of recovering organic waste in small local communities. The model was used to search for suitable locations for micro-biogas plants, based on available quantitative and spatial data on farms and food waste in the selected area, which allow economically viable production given the assumed production parameters. The primary input substrates are cattle manure, food waste and waste cooking oil. The open-source QGis software and data from 2019 were used to build the model, and its experimental validation was carried out in the Gorenjska region. Farms with more than 500 LU were excluded from the final selection, as our energy community concept only foresaw private small farms. Using multilevel areas of interest, we then determined the optimal distance to form a set of farms representing a potential energy community with a common biogas plant. In order to minimise transport costs, we considered clusters on the smallest possible area, which represents the optimal distance between farms. This distance can be varied arbitrarily in the model depending on the amount of waste in the surrounding area or other spatial factors. In our calculations, we have set a lower and upper limit for the number of LU between 300 and 500. We added the locations of the food establishments and their volumes of food waste and waste cooking oils. By adding a weight in the form of distance from the primary LU clusters, we eliminated all locations that are free of waste or waste oils. Two scenarios were tested with different distances from the LU clusters and different distances from the food establishments areas. Four sizes of biogas plants were taken as a starting point, namely 20 kW, 30 kW, 40 kW and 50 kW. The project lifetime is planned to be 25 years, at which point the technology is expected to reach technological end-of-life. For the biogas plants, 8000 operating hours per year have been planned. The basis for the calculation of the electricity feed-in tariff is the reference price of €64.01/MWh for 2019 prepared by the Energy Agency. To the base price is added €82.9 of operating support, calculated annually by the Borzen. On top of this is €8.29 additional support for using 15% of the heat share in the biogas input, €8.29 (10%) for using more than 30% of the manure and slurry and an additional €16.58 (20%) as operating support for all installations up to 200 kW. For the heat price, we have taken into account the average price of owner-operated district heating distribution systems (excluding wood biomass systems) for Gorenjska, set by the Energy Agency, which for 2019 is €102/MWh of heat. The net present value (NPV), the discounted payback period (DPP) and the internal rate of return (IRR) were used for the economic evaluation of the investment. The clustering of farms was carried out in two separate scenarios at distances of 350 and 500 m, and the clustering of food waste and waste grease was carried out in five bands of interest at distances of 350, 800, 1000, 1500 and 2000 m. In the third scenario, the model was used to find the conditions for a micro biogas plant in the Municipality of Bled, which has a relatively high number of tourist accommodation due to its high tourist popularity and consequently a higher amount of food waste. In the first scenario, we obtained 6 locations with zones of interest at 5 distances. Four sites are repeated at all distances of the bands of interest (Naklo 1, Naklo 2, Kranj 1, Cerklje na Gorenjskem), and two sites occur in the 800 m (Šenčur) and 1000 m (Kranj 2) bands of interest. Only two sites have positive NPVs (Naklo 1, Kranj 1), and the other four have negative NPVs. The Naklo 1 site has an NPV of € 50,254.30, ISD 13% and DPP for 21 years at 350 m, the same parameters at 800 m, € 56,182.85, IRR 13.6% and DPP for 21 years at 1000 m and € 65,6
Keywords:	biogas, micro biogas plant, GIS mapping, nutritional waste, energy self–sufficient communities, biogas economics

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