Razpolaganje s hipoteko : magistrsko delo

Podgoršek, Sara

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Title:	Razpolaganje s hipoteko : magistrsko delo
Authors:	ID Podgoršek, Sara (Author) ID Vrenčur, Renato (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	MAG_Podgorsek_Sara_2023.pdf (1,44 MB) MD5: 1F20488D150B21CF9E89600B045393FF
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Master's thesis/paper
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:	V tem magistrskem delu je temeljito predstavljena razpolaga s hipoteko. Razpolaga zajema prenos, odpoved in utesnitev hipoteke. Vsi načini so obširno predstavljeni, temelj tega dela pa leži predvsem v obrazložitvi problematike, ki se je skozi leta pri uporabi in razlagi navedenih načinov razpolage pojavljala. Prva problematika, obravnavno katere bo mogoče zaslediti skozi delo, se nanaša na prenos klasične hipoteke. V našem pravnem redu je uveljavljeno, da prenosu zavarovane terjatve sledi tudi prenos hipoteke, v kolikor se stranki ne dogovorita drugače. Hkrati je podana tudi zahteva, v skladu s katero velja, da prenos hipoteke učinkuje šele z vpisom v zemljiško knjigo. Do nesoglasij pri prenosu hipoteke je prišlo ravno pri razumevanju te zahteve, toda skozi leta so se stališča na tem mestu poenotila. Dandanes sta tako teorija kot sodna praksa usklajeni. Podani zahtevi pripisujeta zgolj publicitetni oziroma deklaratoni značaj, kar pomeni, da se vpis prenosa v zemljiško knjigo izvede zgolj zato, da učinkuje v polnem obsegu v razmerju tudi s tretjimi osebami, sam prenos hipoteke pa se izvede že prej. Druga problematika, do razrešitve katere še ni prišlo, se nanaša na prenos maksimalne hipoteke. V SPZ je nerodno zapisan odstavek, ki določa, da je v primeru prenosa terjatve, zavarovane z maksimalno hipoteko, prenos hipoteke izključen. Ta odstavek v praksi povzroča težave, saj zmanjšuje prometnost, vrednost tako zavarovanih terjatev ter zanimanje za izbiro takšnega zavarovanja. Poleg tega niti ni povsem jasno, koga sploh varuje. Novejša teorija se je zato lotila izvirne razlage navedenega odstavka. V skladu z novejšim stališčem bi bilo treba obravnavani odstavek razumeti tako, da ni dovoljeno prenesti zgolj maksimalne hipoteke kot varovalne stvarne pravice, še vedno pa bi se lahko prenesle posamične hipoteke, ki nastanejo znotraj maksimalne hipoteke, za zavarovanje posameznih tako zavarovanih terjatev. Posledica prenosa bi vodila do nastanka skupnega imetništva maksimalne hipoteke, ki bi nastalo med cedentom in cesionarjem. Slednja bi tako oblikovala notranje obligacijsko razmerje skupnosti in se znotraj njega dogovorila o načinu poplačila. Takšna razlaga se glede na potrebe prakse zdi potrebna, velja pa izpostaviti, da doslej v sodni praksi še ni bila sprejeta. Tretja in zadnja problematika, do katere je prišlo na področju obravnavane razpolage s hipoteko, je nastala pri eni izmed oblik možne utesnitve hipoteke. V praksi so se pojavile zahteve po pravni ureditvi določenih sprememb, ki so se odrazile kot zmanjšanje obrestne mere ali kot sprememba dospelosti zavarovane terjatve. Dandanes velja, da je takšne utesnitve mogoče vpisati v zemljiško knjigo. Slednje se vpišejo v obliki zaznambe pri obstoječi hipoteki. V kolikor pa se sprememba odrazi kot povišanje obrestne mere, se stanje morebitnih preostalih upnikov s tem poslabša, zato je v tem primeru potrebna ustanovitev nove hipoteke za nastalo razliko.
Keywords:	zastavna pravica, zemljiškoknjižno dovolilo, hipoteka, akcesornost, prenos hipoteke, odpoved hipoteki, utesnitev hipoteke, zaznambe
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Place of performance:	Maribor
Year of publishing:	2023
Number of pages:	1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (66 str.))
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-84369
UDC:	347.27(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:	163812099
Note:	Sistemske zahteve: Acrobat reader
Publication date in DKUM:	08.09.2023
Views:	631
Downloads:	238
Metadata:
Categories:	PF
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Licences

License:	CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Link:	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:	The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:	30.05.2023

Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	Disposal of the mortgage
Abstract:	This Master's thesis provides a thorough introduction to mortgage. The thesis covers the transfer, withdrawal and compressed mortgage. All the methods are extensively presented, but the foundation of this work lies mainly in the explanation of the problems that have arisen over the years with managing mortgages. The first issue that will be discussed throughout the thesis relates to the transfer of classical type mortgage. It is well established in our legal order that the transfer of insured claim is followed by the transfer of the mortgage, unless the parties agree otherwise. At the same time, there is also a requirement that the transfer of the mortgage takes legal effect only upon complete registration in the Land registry. It is the understanding of this requirement that has led to disagreements on the subject of transferring mortgages. But over the years there has been a harmonization of views and nowadays, both theory and case-law are unified. Both criteria make a purely publicity or declaratory nature. This means that the registration of the transfer in the Land register is made only to take on a full effect in the relations with third parties, whereas the true transfer of the mortgage itself is already made beforehand. Another issue that has not yet been resolved concerns the transfer of the maximum mortgage. SPZ contains an awkwardly worded paragraph which instructs that, in the event of a transfer of a claim secured by a maximum mortgage, the transfer of the mortgage is excluded. This paragraph causes problems in practice, as it reduces the transfer, lowers the value and the interest of such insurance. Moreover, it is not entirely clear, whom it protects in the first place. Recent theory has turned to an original interpretation of this paragraph. The more recent view on this paragraph states that it should not be permissible to transfer only the maximum mortgage as a security right in rem, but that individual mortgages created within the maximum mortgage could still be transferred to secure such insured claims. The effect of such transfer would be to create a joint holding of the maximum mortgage between the assignor and the assignee. The latter would form an internal contractual obligation and come to an agreement on the method of repayment within it. Such an interpretation seems necessary in the light of legal practice, but it is worth pointing out that it has not yet been accepted in case-law. The third and final problem which has arisen in the area of managing mortgages in question concerns one of the forms of possible compression of mortgage. In practice, there have been requests to regulate certain modifications, which have resulted in the form of a reduction in the form of interest rates or a change in the maturity of the insured claim. Today it is accepted that such compression can be registered in the Land registry. Compressions are entered in the Land registry as a form of notice on the existing mortgage. If the change presents itself in a form of increasement of interest rates, the situation of remaining creditors is thereby worsened, which is why the new mortgage must be created to cover the difference.
Keywords:	the lien, land registration permit, mortgage, accession, transfer of mortgage, withdrawal of mortgage, compression of a mortgage, notice on the existing mortgage

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