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Title:Odškodninska odgovornost države za kakovost zunanjega zraka : magistrsko delo
Authors:ID Urbančič, Neža (Author)
ID Samec Berghaus, Nataša (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf MAG_Urbancic_Neza_2023.pdf (1,07 MB)
MD5: 877278126F78A8C675A5C240B22AC86E
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:Onesnažen zrak predstavlja eno največjih okoljskih tveganj, ki lahko pustijo posledice na zdravju ljudi. Izpostavljenost onesnaženemu zraku povzroči sedem milijonov smrti in več sto milijonov izgub zdravih let življenja na leto. Onesnažen zrak je globalni problem, ki ni vezan zgolj na državo, v kateri je trenutno prisoten, ampak prizadene tudi sosednje in bolj oddaljene države. Mednarodno varstvo kakovosti zraka je ključno za reševanje globalnih izzivov, povezanih z onesnaženim zrakom. Pravica do zdravega življenjskega okolja izrecno ni zapisana v EKČP. Ne glede na to se zmeraj bolj uveljavlja kot ena izmed človekovih pravic. EU je vodilna v boju proti podnebnim spremembam. Kljub temu pa v zakonodaji EU ne obstaja zakon o čistem zraku, ki bi celostno obravnaval vprašanja, povezana z vplivi imisij na okolje in zdravje ljudi. V slovenskem pravnem redu je pravica do zdravega življenjskega okolja določena v Ustavi. Slednja določa, da ima vsakdo v skladu z zakonom pravico do zdravega življenjskega okolja, za katerega mora skrbeti država. Iz tega izhaja obveznost države, da aktivno skrbi in zagotavlja zdravo življenjsko okolje za posameznike. Od države zahteva, da posamezniku zagotovi pravico do zdravega življenjskega okolja. Kot glavna nosilka dolžnosti je dolžna spoštovati, varovati in spodbujati človekove pravice, vključno z vsemi ukrepi, sprejetimi za reševanje okoljskih izzivov. Pravico do zdravega življenjskega okolja v slovenskem pravnem redu varujejo različni instituti. SPZ omogoča lastninskopravno varstvo preko instituta imisij, OZ pa odškodninskopravno varstvo preko instituta zahteve za odstranitev škodne nevarnosti. Temeljni predpis, ki ureja kakovost zunanjega zraka, je ZVO-2. Državljani EU imajo pravico do kakovosti zraka, kar pomeni, da ravni onesnaževal ne smejo presegati dovoljenih mejnih vrednosti. Standarde kakovosti zraka v EU določata Direktiva 2004/107/ES in Direktiva 2008/50/ES. Slednji določata standarde kakovosti zunanjega zraka z namenom preprečevanja in zmanjšanja škodljivih učinkov na okolje in zdravje ljudi. Individualno pravico do čistega in zdravega zraka v EU že podpira zakonodaja EU in sodna praksa. Ne glede na to je Sodišče EU v zadevi JP proti Ministre de la Transition écologique, Premier ministre zavzelo drugačno stališče. Odločilo je, da država odškodninsko ne odgovarja posameznikom zaradi kršitev mejnih vrednosti, predpisanih z Direktivo 2008/50/ES. V nasprotju s Sodiščem EU je generalna pravobranilka Kokott v svojih sklepnih predlogih prišla do zaključka, da je namen zadevnih določb Direktive 2008/50/ES v podeljevanju pravic posameznikom in da državljani EU lahko tožijo svojo državo za denarno odškodnino, če raven onesnaženega zraka presega določene omejitve EU in škoduje njihovemu zdravju.
Keywords:onesnažen zrak, imisije, škoda, odškodninska odgovornost države, denarna odškodnina, pravica do zdravega življenjskega okolja, JP proti Ministre de la Transition écologique, Premier ministre
Place of publishing:Maribor
Place of performance:Maribor
Year of publishing:2023
Number of pages:1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (76 str.))
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-85753 New window
UDC:351.765(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:168862723 New window
Note:Sistemske zahteve: pdf bralnik
Publication date in DKUM:18.10.2023
Views:554
Downloads:149
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:PF
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:10.09.2023

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:State liability for compensation for ambient air quality
Abstract:Air pollution is one of the biggest environmental risks to human health. Exposure to polluted air causes seven million deaths and hundreds of millions of lost healthy years of life every year. Air pollution is a global problem that is not confined to the country in which it is currently present, but also affects neighbouring and more distant countries. International air quality protection is key to tackling the global challenges of air pollution. The right to a healthy living environment is not explicitly enshrined in the ECHR. Nevertheless, it is increasingly recognised as a human right. The EU is a leader in the fight against climate change. However, there is no Clean Air Act in EU legislation that comprehensively addresses issues related to the impact of immissions on the environment and human health. In the Slovenian legal order, the right to a healthy living environment is enshrined in the Constitution. The Constitution provides that everyone has the right to a healthy living environment, in accordance with the law, which must be taken care of by the State. This implies an obligation for the State to actively care for and ensure a healthy living environment for individuals. It requires the State to guarantee the individual's right to a healthy living environment. As the primary duty bearer, it has a duty to respect, protect and promote human rights, including any measures taken to address environmental challenges. The right to a healthy living environment is protected by various institutions in the Slovenian legal order. The SPZ provides for protection of property rights through the institute of immissions, while the OZ provides for protection of damages through the institute of a request for removal of a harmful hazard. The basic regulation governing ambient air quality is the ZVO-2. EU citizens already enjoy the right to air quality where pollutant levels do not exceed permissible limits. Air quality standards in the EU are set by Directive 2004/107/EC and Directive 2008/50/EC, which set ambient air quality standards to prevent and reduce adverse effects on the environment and human health. The individual right to clean and healthy air in the EU is already supported by EU legislation and case law. Nevertheless, the CJEU took a different view in JP v Ministre de la Transition écologique, Premier ministre. It ruled that the State is not liable in damages to individuals for breaches of the limit values prescribed by Directive 2008/50/EC. Contrary to the CJEU, Advocate General Kokott concluded in her conclusions that the relevant provisions of Directive 2008/50/EC are intended to confer rights on individuals, and that EU citizens can sue their State for monetary compensation if the level of air pollution exceeds certain EU limits and harms their health.
Keywords:air pollution, immissions, damage, State liability for damages, monetary compensation, right to a healthy living environment, JP v Ministre de la Transition écologique, Premier ministre


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