Velepodatki kot nujna zmogljivost z vidika ex-ante in ex-post regulacije : doktorska disertacija

Dacar, Rok

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Title:	Velepodatki kot nujna zmogljivost z vidika ex-ante in ex-post regulacije : doktorska disertacija
Authors:	ID Dacar, Rok (Author) ID Ferčič, Aleš (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	DOK_Dacar_Rok_2024.pdf (5,93 MB) MD5: 18201077814AEBA472270D89245128A1
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Doctoral dissertation
Typology:	2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
Organization:	PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:	Doktrina nujne zmogljivosti je institut konkurenčnega prava, po katerem lahko podjetje zahteva dostop do določenega proizvoda ali storitve (nujne zmogljivosti), ki je v izključni oblasti drugega podjetja, ki ima na trgu tega proizvoda ali storitve prevladujoči tržni položaj, če je dostop do tega proizvoda ali storitve neobhodno potreben za delovanje na spodnjem trgu. Zadevna doktorska disertacija poskuša razložiti ali lahko velepodatki predstavljajo nujno zmogljivost, tako z vidika ex-post kot tudi ex-ante regulacije. Uvodno poglavje doktorske disertacije bralcu predstavi raziskovalna vprašanja in hipoteze, opredeli raziskovalni problem in metodologijo, na kateri delo temelji, izpostavi pa tudi morebitne omejitve. V nadaljevanju sledi podroben prikaz nekaterih pojmov in konceptov, katerih poznavanje je potrebno za razumevanje doktorske disertacije. Doktorska disertacija nato obravnava položaj velepodatkov kot nujne zmogljivosti z vidika ex-post regulacije. Najprej podrobno opredeli pojem velepodatkov in njihov vpliv na konkurenčno politiko in pravo, ustavi pa se tudi pri nekaterih njihovih lastnostih, ki so bistvene z vidika doktrine nujne zmogljivosti. V nadaljevanju poskuša doktorska disertacija opredeliti, pod katerimi pogoji bi določen nabor velepodatkov v konkurenčnem pravu Evropske unije lahko predstavljal nujno zmogljivost. Pri tem pa se sooči z nejasnostmi glede pogojev za uporabo doktrine, ki zadnji dve desetletji otežujejo njeno aktivacijo. Zaključi, da bi za učinkovitost doktrine nujne zmogljivosti kot orodja za dostop do konkurenčno relevantnih velepodatkov, bilo potrebno oblikovati novo kategorijo pogojev za uporabo doktrine, ki bi objektivni test nadomestili z subjektivnim testom ali testom povprečnega podjetja, opustili zahtevo, da mora podjetje, ki nujno zmogljivost obvladuje, biti vsaj prisotno na spodnjem trgu, nazadnje pa opustili tudi uporabo pogoja novega proizvoda oz. tehničnega napredka. Brez navedenih modifikacij je aplikacija doktrine nujne zmogljivosti na velepodatke, ne glede na to, kateri pogoji se uporabijo, v praksi izjemno težavna. Doktorska disertacija v okviru naslednjega poglavja preuči prepreke, ki jih za položaj velepodatkov kot nujne zmogljivosti predstavlja pravna ureditev varstva osebnih podatkov. Poglavje zaključi, da bi morala delitev nabora velepodatkov, ki vsebuje osebne podatke, zadostiti zahtevam iz Splošne uredbe o varstvu podatkov – z drugimi besedami, da bi takšna delitev nabora velepodatkov, ki vsebuje osebne podatke, bila zakonita, bi morala zadostiti vsaj eni od pravnih podlag za obdelavo osebnih podatkov, kot jih opredeljuje Splošna uredba o varstvu podatkov. V tem oziru se kot možna temelja kažeta podlagi zakonitih interesov upravljalca ali tretje osebe ter izpolnitve zakonskih obveznosti. Doktorska disertacija razišče tudi možnosti za izogib določbam Splošne uredbe o varstvu podatkov preko učinkovite anonimizacije osebnih podatkov, ki jih nabor velepodatkov vsebuje. V tej zvezi zaključi, da zaradi naprednih re-identifikacijiskih metod učinkovita anonimizacija dejansko ni mogoče, če tudi pa bi bila, bi zaradi nje osebni podatki izgubili pretežni del ekonomske relevantnosti. Doktorska disertacija preuči še položaj velepodatkov kot nujne zmogljivosti z vidika ex-ante regulacije. Po teoretičnem uvodu in prikazu obstoječih instrumentov ex-ante regulacije dostopa do nekaterih ozkih kategorij podatkov, analizira različne možne pristope k ex-ante regulaciji dostopa do velepodatkov, namreč samoregulacijo, regulacijo s pogoji FRAND, ter simetrično in asimetrično oblastno regulacijo. Doktorska disertacija zaključi, da je glede na specifike trgov, ki jih poganjajo velepodatki, najustreznejši model regulacije dostopa do velepodatkov oblastna asimetrična regulacija. Na podlagi vedenja ustvarjenega v doktorski disertaciji, njeno zadnje poglavje odgovori na zastavljena raziskovalna vprašanja in hipoteze.
Keywords:	doktrina nujne zmogljivosti, ex-ante regulacija, pravo varstva osebnih podatkov, ex-post regulacija, velepodatki
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Place of performance:	Maribor
Publisher:	R. Dacar
Year of publishing:	2024
Number of pages:	XV, 302 str.
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-86908
UDC:	339.13.012.43(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:	211015683
Publication date in DKUM:	10.10.2024
Views:	317
Downloads:	240
Metadata:
Categories:	PF
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Licences

License:	CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Link:	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:	The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:	28.01.2024

Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	Big data as an essential facility from the perspective of ex-ante and ex-post regulation
Abstract:	The essential facilities doctrine is an institute of competition law, according to which a company may demand access to a certain product or service (essential facility), which is under the exclusive control of another company that has a dominant market position in the market of this product or service, if access to this product or service is necessary for operation in the downstream market. The relevant doctoral dissertation attempts to explain whether big data can represent an essential facility, both from the perspective of ex-post and ex-ante regulation. The introductory chapter introduces the reader to the research questions and hypotheses, defines the research problem and methodology on which the work is based, and also highlights potential limitations. This is followed by a detailed presentation of some concepts, knowledge of which is necessary for understanding the doctoral dissertation. The doctoral dissertation then addresses the position of big data as an essential facility from the perspective of ex-post regulation. It first defines in detail the concept of big data and its impact on competition policy and law. Subsequently, the doctoral dissertation tries to define under what conditions a certain set of big data could represent an essential facility in EU competition law. In doing so, it faces uncertainties regarding the conditions for the use of the doctrine, which have hindered its activation over the last two decades. It concludes that for the effectiveness of the doctrine as a tool for accessing competitively relevant big data, it would be necessary to formulate a new category of conditions for its use, which would replace the objective test with a subjective test or a test of the average company, abandon the downstream market presence requirement, and finally abandon the use of the new product or technical progress conditions. Without these modifications, the application of the doctrine to big data, regardless of the conditions used, is extremely difficult in practice. In the next chapter, the doctoral dissertation examines the obstacles that the legal regulation of personal data protection poses for the position of big data as an essential facility. The chapter concludes that the sharing of a set of big data containing personal data should meet the requirements of the General Data Protection Regulation - in other words, such a sharing of a set of big data containing personal data would be legal, if it would meet at least one of the legal bases for processing personal data, as defined by the General Data Protection Regulation. In this regard, the bases of legitimate interests of the controller or third party and compliance with legal obligations appear as possible bases. The doctoral dissertation also explores the possibilities of avoiding the provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation through effective anonymization of personal data contained in the set of big data. In this regard, it concludes that due to advanced re-identification methods, effective anonymization is actually not possible, and even if it were, personal data would lose most of its economic relevance because of it. The doctoral dissertation also examines the position of big data as an essential facility from the perspective of ex-ante regulation. After a theoretical introduction and presentation of existing instruments of ex-ante regulation of access to certain narrow categories of data, it analyzes various possible approaches to ex-ante regulation of access to big data, namely self-regulation, regulation with FRAND conditions, and symmetrical and asymmetrical governmental regulation. The doctoral dissertation concludes that given the specifics of markets driven by big data, the most appropriate model for regulating access to big data is asymmetrical governmental regulation. Based on the knowledge created in the doctoral dissertation, its last chapter answers the posed research questions and hypotheses.
Keywords:	the essential facilities doctrine, ex-ante regulation, data protection law, ex-post regulation, big data

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