Vpliv naknadnega zamreženja poli(stiren-ko-divinilbenzena) na površinske  lastnosti : diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa I. stopnje

Cafuta, Miha

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Title:	Vpliv naknadnega zamreženja poli(stiren-ko-divinilbenzena) na površinske lastnosti : diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa I. stopnje
Authors:	ID Cafuta, Miha (Author) ID Krajnc, Peter (Mentor) More about this mentor... ID Paljevac, Muzafera (Comentor)
Files:	UN_Cafuta_Miha_2024.pdf (4,29 MB) MD5: F5FEEAB70E9C793A1CBFE22DADC9273B
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Abstract:	Visoko porozni polimerni materiali predstavljajo ključno kategorijo materialov zaradi njihovih številnih prednosti, ki omogočajo uporabo na različnih področjih. Ti materiali so izjemno uporabni pri filtraciji in ločevanju različnih snovi, vključno s plini, tekočinami in trdnimi delci. Poleg tega imajo pomembno vlogo v biomedicini, kjer se uporabljajo za izdelavo nosilcev za zdravila, implantatov in bioloških senzorjev, zaradi svoje biokompatibilnosti, porozne strukture in sposobnosti nadzorovanega sproščanja zdravilnih učinkovin. Na področju katalize visoko porozni polimerni materiali služijo kot nosilci katalizatorjev, kar omogoča povečanje učinkovitosti kemičnih reakcij z zagotavljanjem velike površine za nanašanje katalizatorjev. Poleg tega so uporabni tudi za odstranjevanje onesnaževal iz vode, zraka in drugih tekočin ter kot učinkovita termalna izolacija v gradbeništvu. V elektrokemičnih aplikacijah, kot so baterije, gorivne celice in druge naprave, se visoko porozni polimerni materiali uporabljajo kot elektrode zaradi njihove visoke specifične površine in poroznosti, kar omogoča boljše elektrokemične reakcije. V okviru diplomske naloge smo sintetizirali visoko porozne polimerne materiale na osnovi stirena in divinilbenzena ter preverili njihovo kemijsko sestavo s FTIR spektroskopijo in elementno analizo, morfologijo s pomočjo vrstičnega elektronskega mikroskopa ter specifično površino in volumsko porazdelitev por s porozimetrijo. Uspešno smo polimerizirali emulzije z visokim deležem notranje faze z različnimi deleži stirena in divinilbenzena. Opazili smo, da z naraščanjem deleža divinilbenzena velikost por pada, medtem ko se specifična površina z naraščanjem deleža divinilbenzena povečuje do 50 mol%, nato pa začne padati. Na primer, material s 10 mol% divinilbenzena je imel velikost primarnih por 29,0±3,9 μm in specifično površino 6,9 m2/g, medtem ko so bile pore materiala s 50 mol% divinilbenzena velike 24,1±3,2 μm, s specifično površino 62,7 m2/g. Material z 80 mol% divinilbenzena je imel pore velike 19,2±2,6 μm in specifično površino 29,5 m2/g. Za mnoge aplikacije je zaželena višja specifična površina materialov ali prisotnost funkcionalnih skupin, ki lahko katalizirajo druge kemijske reakcije. V ta namen smo poli(stiren-ko-divinilbenzen) naknadno hiperzamrežili s tiol-en klik polimerizacijo in uvedbo monomera pentaeritritol tetrakis(3-merkaptopropionata). FTIR spektroskopija in elementna analiza sta potrdili vključenost pentaeritritol tetrakis(3-merkaptopropionata) v polimerno verigo. Kljub temu je bilo ugotovljeno, da se specifična površina ni povečala, temveč je celo upadla. Naknadno hiperzamreženje ni bilo uspešno.
Keywords:	polimeri, monomeri, poliHIPE, zamreženje, tiol-en klik, porozen
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Place of performance:	Maribor
Publisher:	[M. Cafuta]
Year of publishing:	2024
Number of pages:	1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (VIII, 29 f.))
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-88273
UDC:	544.022.8:678.746(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	195539715
Publication date in DKUM:	07.05.2024
Views:	448
Downloads:	75
Metadata:
Categories:	KTFMB - FKKT
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Licences

License:	CC BY-SA 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International

Link:	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Description:	This Creative Commons license is very similar to the regular Attribution license, but requires the release of all derivative works under this same license.
Licensing start date:	12.04.2024

Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	The influence of post polymerisation hypercrosslinking of poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) on surface properties
Abstract:	Highly porous polymeric materials represent a key category of materials due to their numerous advantages, enabling their use in various fields. These materials are extremely useful in the filtration and separation of various substances, including gases, liquids, and solid particles. Additionally, they play a significant role in biomedicine, where they are used to manufacture drug carriers, implants, and biological sensors, due to their biocompatibility, porous structure, and ability to control the release of therapeutic agents. In the field of catalysis, highly porous polymeric materials serve as catalyst supports, allowing for increased efficiency of chemical reactions by providing a large surface area for catalyst deposition. Furthermore, they are useful for removing pollutants from water, air, and other liquids, and as effective thermal insulation in construction. In electrochemical applications such as batteries, fuel cells, and other devices, highly porous polymeric materials are used as electrodes due to their high specific surface area and porosity, enabling better electrochemical reactions. In the scope of the thesis, we synthesized highly porous polymer materials based on styrene and divinylbenzene and examined their chemical composition using FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, morphology using scanning electron microscopy, and specific surface area and pore volume distribution using porosimetry. We successfully polymerized emulsions with a high proportion of internal phase with varying proportions of styrene and divinylbenzene. It was observed that with increasing divinylbenzene content, the pore size decreases, while the specific surface area increases up to 50 mol%, after which it starts to decrease. For instance, the material with 10 mol% divinylbenzene had primary pore size of 29.0±3.9 μm and a specific surface area of 6.9 m2/g, whereas the pores of the material with 50 mol% divinylbenzene were sized 24.1±3.2 μm with a specific surface area of 62.7 m2/g. The material with 80 mol% divinylbenzene had pores sized 19.2±2.6 μm and a specific surface area of 29.5 m2/g. For many applications, a higher specific surface area of materials or the presence of functional groups capable of catalyzing other chemical reactions is desirable. To achieve this, we subsequently hypercrosslinked poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) using thiol-ene click polymerization and the introduction of the pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) monomer. FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis confirmed the inclusion of pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) in the polymer chain. However, it was found that the specific surface area did not increase; instead, it decreased. Subsequent hypercrosslinking was unsuccessful.
Keywords:	polymers, monomers, polyHIPE, crosslinking, tiol-ene click, porous

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