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Title:Predelava odpadnih zaščitnih kirurških mask v nov funkcionalen polimerni material : doktorska disertacija
Authors:ID Erjavec, Alen (Author)
ID Volmajer Valh, Julija (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
ID Brunčko, Mihael (Comentor)
Files:.pdf Disertacija_(za_knjiznico).pdf (8,65 MB)
MD5: 73BA271A36FD723B081BE1280251BBC5
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Doctoral dissertation
Typology:2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
Organization:FS - Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Abstract:Proizvodnja osebne varovalne opreme (OVO) v zadnjih letih izredno hitro narašča. K tej rasti je zagotovo prispevala pandemija bolezni COVID-19, ki pa ni edini razlog za izredno hitro rast tega sektorja. Po podatkih številnih analitičnih hiš bo trg OVO do leta 2028 imel več kot 60 % rast v primerjavi z letom 2020. Z večanjem proizvodnje OVO, pa se večajo tudi količine tega tipa odpadka in s tem pritisk na prevzemnike odpadkov. Glede na to, da gre pri zaščitnih kirurških maskah (ZKM), za enega najbolj razširjenih kosov OVO, ki ima izredno kratek čas uporabe in je njegova življenjska pot izredno linearno naravnana, so v tej doktorski disertaciji bili analizirani vplivi tega kosa OVO na okolje in predstavljene možnosti recikliranja tega materiala v večvrednostne materiale. Opravljena je bila raziskava rokovanja Slovencev z ZKM v kateri je bilo ugotovljeno, da je v prvem letu pandemije v Sloveniji bilo uporabljenih več kot 344 milijonov kosov ZKM. Prav tako je bila opravljena ocena odpadka in ocena vpliva ZKM na okolje, kadar so te nepravilno odložene. Dokazano je bilo, da so materiali zastopani v ZKM izredno primerni za postopke mehanskega recikliranja. Z namenom zagotavljanja večvrednosti končnega reciklata, so reciklatu ZKM bila dodana naravna polnila. Izbrana so bila polnila na osnovi celuloze in hitozana, saj gre za najbolj razširjena naravna polimera. Med polnili na osnovi celuloze so bili uporabljeni celulozni nanokristali, celulozne nanofibrile in kvaternizirane celulozne nanofibrile, med tem ko sta med hitozani bila uporabljena hitozan z nizko molekulsko maso in kvaterniziran hitozan. Večina polnil, je izkazala pozitiven vpliv na mehanske lastnosti reciklata, saj so nekatera povečala elastičnost reciklata tudi do 100%. Izvedene so bile številne analize površine. Te analize so med drugim pokazale, da prisotnost vseh polnil izkazuje dvig hidrofobnosti materiala, obe kvaternizirani polnili, pa v prisotnosti več kot 10 % izkazujeta tudi zelo dobro antibakterijsko delovanje reciklata, na gram + bakterije Staphylococcus aureus.
Keywords:zaščitne kirurške maske, mehansko recikliranje, večvrednostno recikliranje, naravna polnila, polimerni kompozit
Place of publishing:Maribor
Place of performance:Maribor
Publisher:[A. Erjavec]
Year of publishing:2024
Number of pages:1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (XV, 121 str., [4] str. pril.))
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-88973 New window
UDC:628.477.6.046:615.479.4(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:217442563 New window
Publication date in DKUM:29.11.2024
Views:260
Downloads:118
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:KTFMB - FS
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Licences

License:CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Description:This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.
Licensing start date:03.06.2024

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Processing discarded surgical protective masks into a new functional polymer material
Abstract:The production of personal protective equipment (PPE) has been rapidly increasing in recent years. The COVID-19 pandemic has certainly contributed to this growth, but it is not the only reason for the rapid expansion of this sector. According to numerous analysts, the PPE market is expected to grow by more than 60 % by 2028 compared to 2020. As the production of PPE increases, so does the amount of this type of waste, which puts additional pressure on waste management systems. Given that disposable surgical masks (DSM) are one of the most widespread types of PPE, with a very short usage time and a linear lifecycle, this doctoral dissertation analyzed the environmental impacts of this PPE item and presented recycling options to create higher-value materials. A study on the handling of DSMs by Slovenians revealed that over 344 million DSMs were used in Slovenia during the first year of the pandemic. It has been proven that the materials in DSMs are very suitable for mechanical recycling processes. To ensure the added value of the final recycled product, natural fillers were added to the recycled SM material. Cellulose and chitosan fillers were selected because they are the most common natural polymers. Among the cellulose fillers, cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils, and quaternized cellulose nanofibrils were used, while among the chitosans, low molecular weight chitosan and quaternized chitosan were used. Most of the fillers showed a positive impact on the mechanical properties of the recycled material, with increasing the elasticity of the recycled product by up to 100%. Additionally, various impacts on the surface of the recycled material were detected. The presence of all fillers increased the hydrophobicity of the material, and both quaternized fillers, in the presence of more than 10%, also shows good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus
Keywords:disposable surgical masks, mechanical recycling, upcycling, natural fillers, polymer composite


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