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Title:Izbrani problemi filozofije zgodovine na primeru državljanske vojne med Cezarjem in Pompejem : magistrsko delo
Authors:ID Stajan, Niko (Author)
ID Maver, Aleš (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
ID Borstner, Bojan (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf MAG_Stajan_Niko_2024.pdf (2,58 MB)
MD5: 620D0A9AE428DC842E57A6CF4852120C
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:FF - Faculty of Arts
Abstract:Filozofija zgodovine se ukvarja s filozofskimi razmisleki o zgodovini, ki prihajajo iz najrazličnejših filozofskih disciplin. V tem delu smo se ukvarjali s petimi sklopi teh problemov: s problemom objektivnosti, z ontološkimi problemi, z vzročnostjo in razlago, z etiškimi problemi in z logičnimi zmotami. Pri vseh teh problemih smo navedli glavne teoretske pristope in se do njih opredelili. Nato smo omenjene pristope analizirali še v izbranem zgodovinopisju na temo državljanske vojne med Cezarjem in Pompejem. Ugotovili smo, da so vsi problemi prisotni v praktično vseh delih, ki smo jih analizirali, seveda pa obstajajo velike razlike med avtorji. Starejši uporabljajo bolj problematične pristope kot novejši, vendar imajo tudi novejši določene probleme. V drugem delu naloge smo še sami poskusili napisati zgodovino te državljanske vojne ob upoštevanju vseh problemov. Pisanje smo začeli s sklenitvijo triumvirata med Cezarjem, Pompejem in Krasom. Ti rimski aristokrati so bili prisiljeni sodelovati zaradi nasprotovanja senatorjev pod vodstvom Katona Mlajšega. Sodelovanje jim je omogočilo uresničitev njihovih političnih načrtov, tako da so za obdobje sedmih let do Krasove smrti sami obvladovali skoraj celotno rimsko politično sceno. Po Krasovi smrti sta ostala samo še Cezar in Pompej in oba sta želela imeti vodilno vlogo v Rimu. Ta položaj so izkoristili njuni številni sovražniki, ki so se povezali s Pompejem, da bi se znebili Cezarja, s čimer pa so povzročili vojno. Cezar se namreč ni bil pripravljen odreči svoji moči in oblasti. Državljanska vojna, ki je sledila, se je razširila na celotno Sredozemlje; boji so potekali od Iberskega polotoka vse do Egipta. Bojevanje se je odvijalo v več fazah: v prvi fazi je Cezar naglo zavzel Italijo, Pompej in senatorji pa so se umaknili v Epir, v drugi fazi je Cezar porazil Pompejeve podpornike v Hispaniji, njegovi častniki pa so bili neuspešni v Afriki in v Iliriku, v tretji fazi sta se oba voditelja spopadla tudi neposredno. V odločilni bitki pri Farzalu je zmagal Cezar. Pompej je pobegnil v Egipt, kjer je bil ubit, državljansko vojno pa so nadaljevali njegovi podporniki. Cezar se je vmes zapletel v vojni v Egiptu in v Mali Aziji, tako da so pompejanci imeli dovolj časa, da so zbrali novo vojsko. Sledili so spopadi v Afriki in nato še enkrat v Hispaniji, v katerih je vedno zmagal Cezar in tako tudi končal državljansko vojno. Nato je sam ostal na vrhu rimske republike in je začel vladati povsem samovoljno. Uveljavil je številne reforme, si nadel mnoge nazive in opravljal več funkcij hkrati. Zaradi tega se je zameril marsikateremu Rimljanu. Njegovi največji nasprotniki so se povezali in nanj izvedli atentat.
Keywords:Gaj Julij Cezar, Gnej Pompej Veliki, državljanska vojna, filozofija zgodovine, analiza zgodovinopisja
Temporal coverage:48 pr.n.št.;
Place of publishing:Maribor
Place of performance:Maribor
Publisher:N. Stajan
Year of publishing:2024
Number of pages:1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (VIII, 203 str.))
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-90743 New window
UDC:94(100)(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:209173251 New window
Publication date in DKUM:27.09.2024
Views:133
Downloads:56
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:FF
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:21.09.2024

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Selected Topics in the Philosophy of History on the Example of the Civil War between Caesar and Pompey
Abstract:Philosophy of history involves philosophical reflections on history which stem from many different philosophical disciplines. In this work we focus on five sets of these problems: the problem of objectivity, ontological problems, causality and explanation, ethical problems, and logical fallacies. For each of these problems we have listed and commented on the main theoretical approaches. We then analysed these approaches in the selected historiography on the subject of the civil war between Caesar and Pompey. We found that all the problems are practically present in all the works we analysed, though there are major differences between the authors. While older authors tend to use more problematic approaches, newer authors also face certain challenges. In the second part of the thesis, we attempted writing the history of this civil war, addressing all these problems. We started by writing about the formation of the triumvirate between Caesar, Pompey and Crassus. These Roman aristocrats were forced to take part due to the opposition of the senators led by Cato the Younger. Their collaboration enabled them to realise their political plans, by controlling almost the entirety of the roman political scene on their own for 7 years, until Crassus’ death. After Crassus’ death, only Caesar and Pompey remained, and both wanted to play a leading role in Rome. This situation was exploited by their numerous enemies, who allied themselves with Pompey in order to get rid of Caesar, which in turn caused the war. Caesar was not willing to relinquish his power and authority. The civil war that followed spread throughout the Mediterranean, with battles taking place from the Iberian Peninsula all the way to Egypt. The battles took place in several phases. In the first phase, Caesar swiftly took control of Italy, while Pompey and the senators retreated to Epirus. In the second phase, Caesar defeated Pompey's supporters in Hispania, however his officers were unsuccessful in Africa and Illyricum. In the third phase, the two leaders fought directly in the decisive battle of Pharsalus, where Caesar was victorious. Pompey fled to Egypt, where he was killed, and the civil war was continued by his supporters. Caesar became involved in wars in Egypt and Asia Minor, which gave the Pompeians enough time to raise a new army. Skirmishes followed in Africa and then again in Hispania, in which Caesar was always victorious, thus ending the civil war. He remained at the top of the Roman Republic and began to rule in a completely arbitrary manner. Caesar adopted many reforms, assumed many titles and carried out several functions simultaneously, which caused him to be resented by many Romans. His greatest opponents allied themselves and assassinated him.
Keywords:Gaius Julius Caesar, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, civil war, philosophy of history, analysis of historiography


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