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Title:Eksperimentalno preverjanje preferenčnih mirovališč in interakcija dveh morfotipov samcev navadnega matije, Phalangium opilio Linnaeus, 1758 (Opiliones, Phalangiidae) : Magistrsko delo
Authors:ID Marshall, Tina (Author)
ID Kozel, Peter (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
ID Klokočovnik, Vesna (Comentor)
Files:.pdf MAG_Marshall_Tina_2024.pdf (3,55 MB)
MD5: 99D0B41467C31862B40298B6A0C921E0
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:FNM - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
Abstract:Navadni matija (Phalangium opilio) je splošno razširjena vrsta suhih južin, za katero je značilen trimorfizem, V tej raziskavi smo proučevali preferenčna mirovališča morfotipov samcev na rastlinah in različnih tipih podlag na poskusnih stolpih v povezavi z okoljskimi dejavniki. Prav tako smo opazovali interakcije, beležili vedenjske vzorce ter ugotavljali morebitne razlike v vedenju med morfotipoma. Cilj raziskave je bil ugotoviti, ali je segregacija prostorskih niš dolgorogih in kratkorogih samcev v naravi posledica kompeticije ali različnih ekoloških preferenc morfotipov. Za izvedbo poskusov smo na prostem postavili dve eksperimentalni areni. V vsako smo za poskuse preverjanja preferenčnih mirovališč na rastlinah zasadili sadike melonaste hruške (Solanum muricatum). Za preverjanje preference do različnih tipov podlag pa smo v areni postavili poskusna stolpa, ki sta imela na vsaki stranici nameščene štiri vrste podlag. Snemanje interakcij med osebki smo izvajali v terariju v laboratoriju. Ugotovili smo, da se dolgorogi in kratkorogi samci razlikujejo v izbiri mirovališč na rastlinah. Kadar sta bila v areni oba morfotipa hkrati, so kratkorogi samci izbirali mirovališča višje na rastlinah. To je posledica intraseksualne kompeticije, saj smo ugotovili, da morfotipa nimata različnih mikroklimatskih preferenc. Oba morfotipa sta največkrat mirovala na betonu in lesu na severni strani poskusnih stolpov. Morfotipa sta se na poskusnih stolpih razlikovala v prostorski in mikroklimatski niši. Kratkorogi samci so ob odsotnosti dolgorogih mirovali nižje, na določenih podlagah in straneh poskusnih stolpov pa so izbirali tudi toplejša in vlažnejša mirovališča kot slednji. Največ spopadov glede na število interakcij je bilo med pari dolgorogih samcev. Morfotipa samcev se v vedenjskih vzorcih med spopadi sicer nista razlikovala, so pa dolgorogi samci pogosteje izkazovali agresivno vedenje. Na osnovi poskusov in opazovanja vedenja lahko zaključimo, da je segregacija prostorskih niš dolgorogih in kratkorogih samcev v naravi posledica kompeticije, ne pa različnih ekoloških preferenc morfotipov.
Keywords:dimorfizem samcev, intraseksualna kompeticija, okoljski dejavniki, pajkovci, prostorska niša
Geographic coverage:Slovenija;
Place of publishing:Maribor
Place of performance:Maribor
Publisher:[T. Marshall]
Year of publishing:2024
Number of pages:VIII, 61 f.
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-91153 New window
UDC:595.4:591.151(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:219197955 New window
Publication date in DKUM:17.12.2024
Views:157
Downloads:78
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:FNM
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Licences

License:CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Description:This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Experimental testing of preferred resting sites and interaction of two male morphotypes of common harvestman, Phalangium opilio Linnaeus, 1758 (Opiliones, Phalangiidae)
Abstract:The common harvestman (Phalangium opilio) is a widespread species of harvestmen that is characterized by trimorphism. In this study, we investigated the preferential resting sites of male morphotypes on plants and different substrates on experimental towers in relation to environmental factors. We also observed interactions, documented behavioural patterns, and identified plausible behavioural differences between the two morphotypes. The study aimed to assess whether the intrasexual male spatial niche segregation in nature results from competition or from differing ecological preferences between the morphotypes. To this end, we set up two experimental outdoor arenas to carry out the experiments. To test the preferential resting sites on plants, Solanum muricatum seedlings were planted in our experimental arenas. To test preference for different substrates, we set up an experimental tower in each arena, with four substrate types on each side. Interactions between pairs of individuals were observed and recorded in a laboratory terrarium. We found that long-horned and short-horned males differ in their choice of resting sites on plants. Short-horned males rested higher on the plants when both morphotypes were present in the arena. This is due to intrasexual competition, as our findings indicate that the two morphotypes do not differ in their microclimatic preferences. Both morphotypes most frequently rested on concrete and wood on the north side of the experimental towers. The two morphotypes exhibited differences in their spatial and microclimatic niches on the experimental towers. In the absence of long-horned males, short-horned males rested on specific substrates and sides of the experimental towers at lower sites and selected warmer and more humid resting sites than long-horned males. The highest number of fights per number of interactions was observed between pairs of long-horned males. Although the morphotypes did not differ in behavioural patterns during fights, long-horned males exhibited aggressive behaviour most frequently. Based on our experiments and behavioural observations, we can conclude that spatial niche segregation between males in the natural habitat is due to competition, rather than to different ecological preferences between morphotypes.
Keywords:arachnids, environmental factors, intrasexual competition, male dimorphism, spatial niche


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