Učinki novele kz-1h na sodno prakso in pravna varnost pri obravnavi spolnih deliktov v sloveniji: kritična analiza modela afirmativnega soglasja : kritična analiza modela afirmativnega soglasja

Kundih, Urh

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Title:	Učinki novele kz-1h na sodno prakso in pravna varnost pri obravnavi spolnih deliktov v sloveniji: kritična analiza modela afirmativnega soglasja : kritična analiza modela afirmativnega soglasja
Authors:	ID Kundih, Urh (Author) ID Šepec, Miha (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	MAG_Kundih_Urh_2025.pdf (821,84 KB) MD5: 79BEC7B2FA3DE1242F102C93F806E813
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Master's thesis/paper
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:	Magistrska naloga obravnava kritično analizo modela afirmativnega soglasja kot novega pristopa h kazenskopravni obravnavi spolnih kaznivih dejanj, ki ga je v slovenski pravni red uvedla novela Kazenskega zakonika (KZ-1H). Sprejeta zakonodajna sprememba pomeni odmik od tradicionalnega modela prisile in uveljavitev koncepta, po katerem je za obstoj kaznivosti ključno pomanjkanje jasnega, aktivnega in prostovoljno izraženega soglasja. Cilj reforme je bil okrepitev pravnega varstva žrtev ter poudarek na pomenu spolne samoodločbe, vendar ta nova ureditev hkrati odpira številna pravna vprašanja, zlasti glede dokaznih standardov, razlage soglasja in zagotavljanja pravne varnosti obdolžencev. Teoretični del naloge analizira zgodovinski razvoj in temeljne značilnosti treh prevladujočih modelov pristopa do obravnave spolnih deliktov: modela prisile, modela veta (»ne pomeni ne«) in modela afirmativnega soglasja (»ja pomeni ja«). Primerjalna obravnava osvetljuje razlike v pravnem razumevanju soglasja ter izpostavlja posledice, ki jih imajo izbrani modeli za definicijo kaznivosti, dokazovanje v kazenskem postopku ter uresničevanje procesnih pravic obdolžencev. V okviru primerjalne analize naloga predstavi tudi izkušnje držav, kot so Švedska, Nemčija in Avstrija, ki so že uzakonile različne oblike modelov soglasja. Analiza pokaže, da takšne reforme praviloma prispevajo h krepitvi družbene zavesti o pomenu spolne avtonomije ter k učinkovitejši zaščiti žrtev. Obenem pa izpostavi izzive, kot so kompleksnost dokazovanja odsotnosti soglasja, tveganje subjektivnih in arbitrarnostnih interpretacij vedenja žrtev ter napetosti med zagotavljanjem pravičnega postopka in učinkovitim kazenskim pregonom spolnih deliktov.
Keywords:	spolni delikti, afirmativno soglasje (»ja pomeni ja«), Novela KZ-1H, Dokazni standardi, interpretacija soglasja, spolna samoodločba, pravna varnost, soglasje.
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Place of performance:	Maribor
Publisher:	U. Kundih
Year of publishing:	2025
Number of pages:	1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (81 str.))
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-93235
UDC:	343.541(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:	247590147
Publication date in DKUM:	03.09.2025
Views:	158
Downloads:	107
Metadata:
Categories:	PF
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Licences

License:	CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Link:	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:	The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:	14.06.2025

Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	The effects of the kz-1h amendment on judical practice and legal certainty in the adjudication of sexual offenses in slovenia: a critical analysis of the affirmative consent model : magistrsko delo
Abstract:	This master’s thesis critically analyses the affirmative consent model as a new approach to the criminal law treatment of sexual offences, introduced into Slovenian law by the amendment to the Criminal Code (KZ-1H). The legislative reform marks a departure from the traditional coercion-based model and establishes a concept in which the absence of clear, active, and voluntary consent is central to the determination of criminal liability. The reform aimed to enhance the legal protection of victims and to emphasise the importance of sexual self-determination; however, it also raises several legal challenges, particularly concerning evidentiary standards, the interpretation of consent, and the legal certainty of defendants. The theoretical part of the thesis examines the historical development and key features of the three predominant models used in addressing sexual offences: the coercion model, the veto model ("no means no"), and the affirmative consent model ("yes means yes"). The comparative analysis outlines the legal distinctions in how consent is understood and explores the implications of each model for defining criminal conduct, evidence assessment in criminal proceedings, and the procedural rights of defendants. The thesis also presents the experiences of countries such as Sweden, Germany, and Austria, which have implemented various forms of consent-based models. The analysis demonstrates that these reforms generally promote greater public awareness of sexual autonomy and enhance victim protection. At the same time, the thesis highlights key challenges, including the difficulty of proving the absence of consent, the risk of subjective or arbitrary interpretation of victim behaviour, and the tension between safeguarding the right to a fair trial and effectively prosecuting sexual offences.
Keywords:	sexual offences, affirmative consent (‘yes means yes’), Amendment to the Criminal Code-1H, standards of proof, interpretation of consent, sexual self-determination, legal certainty, consent.

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