| Title: | Evaluation of the simultaneous operation of the mechanisms for cross-border interchange and activation of the regulating reserves |
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| Authors: | ID Topler, Marcel (Author)
ID Polajžer, Boštjan (Author) |
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| Files: |  applsci-11-08188.pdf (3,17 MB)
MD5: 8F05720F92726F2E029EF72B862A3A55
 https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/17/8188
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| Language: | English |
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| Work type: | Article |
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| Typology: | 1.01 - Original Scientific Article |
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| Organization: | FERI - Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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| Abstract: | This article examines the mechanisms for cross-border interchange of the regulating
reserves (RRs), i.e., the imbalance-netting process (INP) and the cross-border activation of the
RRs (CBRR). Both mechanisms are an additional service of frequency restoration reserves in the
power system and connect different control areas (CAs) via virtual tie-lines to release RRs and
reduce balancing energy. The primary objective of the INP is to net the demand for RRs between
the cooperating CAs with different signs of interchange power variation. In contrast, the primary
objective of the CBRR is to activate the RRs in the cooperating CAs with matching signs of interchange
power variation. In this way, the ancillary services market and the European balancing system should
be improved. However, both the INP and CBRR include a frequency term and thus impact the
frequency response of the cooperating CAs. Therefore, the impact of the simultaneous operation of the
INP and CBRR on the load-frequency control (LFC) and performance is comprehensively evaluated
with dynamic simulations of a three-CA testing system, which no previous studies investigated
before. In addition, a function for correction power adjustment is proposed to prevent the undesirable
simultaneous activation of the INP and CBRR. In this way, area control error (ACE) and scheduled
control power are decreased since undesired correction is prevented. The dynamic simulations
confirmed that the simultaneous operation of the INP and CBRR reduced the balancing energy
and decreased the unintended exchange of energy. Consequently, the LFC and performance were
improved in this way. However, the impact of the INP and CBRR on the frequency quality has no
unambiguous conclusions. |
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| Keywords: | frequency quality, load-frequency control, regulating reserves, cross-border interchange, cross-border activation |
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| Publication status: | Published |
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| Publication version: | Version of Record |
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| Submitted for review: | 11.08.2021 |
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| Article acceptance date: | 01.09.2021 |
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| Publication date: | 03.09.2021 |
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| Publisher: | MDPI |
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| Year of publishing: | 2021 |
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| Number of pages: | 17 str. |
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| Numbering: | Vol. 11, no. 17 |
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| PID: | 20.500.12556/DKUM-93265  |
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| UDC: | 621.31 |
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| ISSN on article: | 2076-3417 |
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| COBISS.SI-ID: | 75238915 |
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| DOI: | 10.3390/app11178188 |
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| Copyright: | © 2021 by the authors |
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| Publication date in DKUM: | 16.06.2025 |
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| Views: | 197 |
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| Downloads: | 13 |
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| Metadata: |    |
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| Categories: | Misc.
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