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Title:
Evaluating the aging of blue pen inks using ToF-SIMS and multivariate statistical analysis
Authors:
ID
Finšgar, Matjaž
(
Author
)
ID
Varda, Katja Andrina
(
Author
)
Files:
1-s2.0-S0026265X25021241-main.pdf
(6,90 MB)
MD5: 1443F4765C0994E33049A493ED832B6B
Language:
English
Work type:
Article
Typology:
1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization:
FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Keywords:
Tof-SIMS
,
MVSA
,
MCR
,
PCA
,
document forgery
,
ink aging
Publication status:
Published
Publication version:
Version of Record
Submitted for review:
05.07.2025
Article acceptance date:
01.08.2025
Publication date:
05.08.2025
Publisher:
Elsevier
Year of publishing:
2025
Number of pages:
11 str.
Numbering:
Vol. 216, [article no.] 114777
PID:
20.500.12556/DKUM-94208
UDC:
544.5/.6
ISSN on article:
1095-9149
COBISS.SI-ID:
245200899
DOI:
10.1016/j.microc.2025.114777
Copyright:
© 2025 The Authors
Publication date in DKUM:
08.08.2025
Views:
230
Downloads:
14
Metadata:
Categories:
Misc.
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Record is a part of a journal
Title:
Microchemical journal
Publisher:
Elsevier
ISSN:
1095-9149
COBISS.SI-ID:
23088645
Document is financed by a project
Funder:
ARIS - Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency
Project number:
P2-0118-2022
Name:
Tekstilna kemija in napredni tekstilni materiali
Funder:
ARIS - Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency
Project number:
P2-0046-2019
Name:
Separacijski procesi in produktna tehnika
Funder:
ARIS - Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency
Project number:
J2-50076-2023
Name:
Razvoj elektrokemijskega plinskega senzorja za zgodnje odkrivanje hlapnih perokso eksplozivov
Funder:
ARIS - Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency
Project number:
J7-50226-2024
Name:
Analitska orodja nove generacije za dediščinsko znanost
Licences
License:
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:
The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Secondary language
Language:
Slovenian
Abstract:
This study presents an analytical methodology for the differentiation and identification of blue pen inks aged over a one-year period. The main aim was to determine whether blue pen strokes made one year apart using the same six commercially available blue pens could still be reliably assigned to those specific blue pens. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was used to acquire both spectral and imaging data from blue pen strokes made one year apart, which were then analyzed using multivariate statistical tools, i.e., principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate curve resolution (MCR). These analyses enabled the extraction of unique features for each blue pen ink. The results showed that blue pen inks remained distinguishable even after one year, despite detectable aging effects. Moreover, the secondary ion signals that were previously identified as unique chemical markers at specific m/z values persisted throughout the one-year interval and were used for PCA scaling. Effective separation of blue pens by PCA was achieved only after applying customized spatial and spectral scaling. Furthermore, MCR analysis independently confirmed the grouping of blue pen strokes made one year apart. This work confirms that the combined ToF-SIMS and multivariate statistical analysis (MVSA) methodology retains its discriminative power over the extended time period, enabling the exact attribution of aged blue pen inks to their original writing. The methodology has significant advantages for forensic investigations involving dated or disputed handwriting signatures.
Keywords:
ponarejanje dokumentov
,
staranje črnila
,
modro črnilo za nalivnik
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