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Title:Proteomska analiza krvne plazme in ekstracelularnih veziklov iz krvne plazme z masno spektrometrijo : magistrsko delo
Authors:ID Zajšek, Eva (Author)
ID Potočnik, Uroš (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
ID Petek, Maya (Comentor)
Files:.pdf MAG_Zajsek_Eva_2025.pdf (5,58 MB)
MD5: 8BC52D09BBDB77B7C3652587C5EC5D8D
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Abstract:Ekstracelularni vezikli (EV) so majhni membranski delci, ki jih celice sproščajo v zunajcelični prostor in so nosilci signalnih molekul. Zaradi svoje vloge pri medcelični komunikaciji in potenciala kot biooznačevalci so predmet številnih raziskav. Za njihovo poglobljeno karakterizacijo je ključna masna spektrometrija (MS), ki pa zahteva učinkovite izolacijske protokole, saj kompleksnost plazme pogosto zakrije njihove nizko zastopane proteine. V magistrskem delu smo razvili in optimizirali metodo za izolacijo EV iz človeške krvne plazme, ki omogoča zanesljivo proteomsko analizo z LC-MS/MS. Uspešnost izolacije smo ovrednotili s številom identificiranih proteinov v pripravkih EV v primerjavi s surovo in osiromašeno plazmo ter z detekcijo značilnih označevalcev EV v skladu s smernicami MISEV. Vzporedno smo primerjali pristope za zajem podatkov, klasično DDA in več različic sodobnejše DIA metode ter optimizirali kromatografske pogoje za čim širše zajetje proteoma. Prvi poskus izolacije z namizno centrifugo ni pokazal razlik med EV in plazmo, je pa omogočili optimizacijo kromatografije in potrdil, da DIA pristop omogoča več identifikacij kot DDA. Nadaljnja izolacija z ultracentrifugo na saharozni blazini je omogočila delno obogatitev EV, zato smo nadalje povečali vhodno količino plazme in protokol še dodatno izpopolnili. Kot optimalen se je izkazal postopek za izolacijo EV iz 2 mL krvne plazme z ultracentrifugiranjem na saharozni blazini v kombinaciji z analizo na LC-MS/MS pri 90-minutniem OptiStep gradientu in DIA zajemom podatkov s 24 zaporednimi MS2 okni. S tem protokolom smo v EV pripravkih identificirali tipične označevalce EV (CD9, CD81, CD82, TSG101, PDCD6IP, FLOT1/2) in skupno več kot 1 000 proteinov, medtem ko smo jih v plazmi pri enakih pogojih identificirali največ 300. Poleg ločenih analiz posameznih vzorcev smo preizkusili tudi možnost sočasnega zajema podatkov, kjer so bili hkrati analizirani EV, plazma in osiromašena plazma. Rezultati so pokazali, da ta pristop poveča informacijsko vrednost plazme, zaznali smo kar 56 % več proteinov kot pri samostojni analizi. Optimiziran pristop izolacije omogoča poglobljeno proteomsko analizo EV in odpira nove možnosti za odkrivanje biooznačevalcev. Pristop sočasne analize pa ponuja praktično rešitev za obravnavo večjega števila plazemskih vzorcev, saj ob le nekaj pripravkih EV omogoča bogatejši nabor podatkov iz plazme za biomedicinske in klinične raziskave.
Keywords:krvna plazma, ekstracelularni vezikli, proteomika, masna spektrometrija, DIA
Place of publishing:Maribor
Place of performance:Maribor
Publisher:[E. Zajšek]
Year of publishing:2025
Number of pages:1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (X, 89 str.))
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-95253 New window
UDC:543.51:611.018.54(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:255371267 New window
Publication date in DKUM:29.09.2025
Views:184
Downloads:65
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:KTFMB - FKKT
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:10.09.2025

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Proteomic analysis of blood plasma and extracellular vesicles from blood plasma using mass spectrometry
Abstract:Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound particles that are released by cells into the extracellular space and contain signalling molecules. Due to their role in intercellular communication and their potential as biomarkers, EVs are the subject of extensive research. Mass spectrometry (MS) is essential for their in-depth characterisation, but efficient isolation protocols are required as the complexity of plasma often masks low-abundance proteins. In this master’s thesis, we developed and optimised a method for the isolation of EVs from human blood plasma that enables reliable proteomic analysis by LC-MS/MS. Isolation efficiency was evaluated by comparing the number of proteins identified in EV preparations with those detected in crude and depleted plasma, and by confirming canonical EV markers according to the MISEV guidelines. In parallel, we compared data acquisition strategies, including conventional DDA and different variants of the more advanced DIA approach, and optimised chromatographic conditions for maximum proteome coverage. The first isolation trial using a benchtop centrifuge did not allow differentiation between EVs and plasma, but enabled optimisation of chromatography and confirmed that DIA acquisition provided more identifications than DDA. Further isolation by ultracentrifugation on a sucrose cushion allowed partial enrichment of EVs. By increasing the plasma input and refining the protocol, we developed an optimised method: isolation of EVs from 2 mL of plasma by ultracentrifugation on a sucrose cushion, combined with LC-MS/MS analysis using a 90-min OptiStep gradient and DIA acquisition with 24 m/z windows. Using this protocol, we were able to identify typical EV markers (CD9, CD81, CD82, TSG101, PDCD6IP, FLOT1/2) and a total of more than 1,000 proteins, compared to a maximum of 300 proteins detected in plasma under the same conditions. In addition to separate analyses of individual samples, we tested simultaneous data acquisition, where EVs, plasma and depleted plasma were analysed together. This approach improved the informational content of the plasma and detected 56% more proteins than individual analyses. The optimised isolation protocol enables in-depth proteomic analysis of EVs and opens up new opportunities for biomarker discovery. Furthermore, the simultaneous analysis approach offers a practical solution for processing a larger number of plasma samples and provides a richer dataset from plasma with only a few EV preparations, which is highly relevant for biomedical and clinical research.
Keywords:blood plasma, extracellular vesicles, proteomics, mass spectrometry, DIA


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