Vzorci možganskih aktivacij ob treh vrstah groženj: fMR študija : magistrsko delo

Fras, Mateja

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Title:	Vzorci možganskih aktivacij ob treh vrstah groženj: fMR študija : magistrsko delo
Authors:	ID Fras, Mateja (Author) ID Mulej Bratec, Satja (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	MAG_Fras_Mateja_2025.pdf (1,68 MB) MD5: F2B3A47BC67D993092480EC197441D8E
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Master's thesis/paper
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	FF - Faculty of Arts
Abstract:	Kot živali se tudi ljudje v svojih življenjih soočamo z bolj ali manj intenzivnimi variacijami evolucijsko pomembnih groženj – grožnjo bolečine (npr. poškodbe), grožnjo agresivnega pripadnika iste vrste (človeka) in grožnjo napada plenilca (npr. medveda). Pretekle raziskave so opredelile posamezne nevronske poti predelave grožnje in se osredotočale predvsem na določena subkortikalna področja. Vendar še nobena študija s človeškim vzorcem ni neposredno primerjala kortikalnih možganskih aktivacij različnih vrst groženj med seboj. Na podlagi obstoječih fMR podatkov bavarske raziskave Bertram in sodelavcev (2023) smo v magistrski nalogi predpostavili distinktivne nevronske poti na ravni celotnih možganov za grožnjo bolečine, grožnjo napada agresivnega človeka in grožnjo napada plenilca. Prav tako smo predpostavili razlike v aktivaciji možganov na podlagi neposrednih primerjav med vrstami groženj. Vzorec je obsegal štirideset zdravih žensk. Eksperiment je bil osnovan na paradigmi averzivnega klasičnega pogojevanja, v katerem je bila predmet interesa aktivacija med pogojnim dražljajem (tj. med aktivnim pričakovanjem negativnega dražljaja oz. grožnjo). Rezultati nakazujejo na različne vzorce aktivacij v treh pogojih grožnje, s skupno osnovo aktivacije omrežja za predelavo groženj, ki ga zasledimo v pretekli literaturi. Vzorci možganskih aktivacij so se na podlagi neposrednih primerjav tudi pomembno razlikovali, pri čemer so izstopale aktivacije omrežja za bolečino in kognitivno obdelavo grožnje med grožnjo bolečine, v primerjavi z drugima pogojema. Med pričakovanjem napada plenilca ali agresivnega človeka so bile v primerjavi s pogojem pričakovanja bolečine povečane aktivacije v frontalnem režnju.
Keywords:	predelava grožnje, klasično pogojevanje, fMR, grožnje
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Place of performance:	Maribor
Publisher:	M. Fras
Year of publishing:	2025
Number of pages:	1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (XIII, 60 str.))
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-95522
UDC:	159.95(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	252021763
Publication date in DKUM:	07.10.2025
Views:	155
Downloads:	17
Metadata:
Categories:	FF
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Licences

License:	CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Link:	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:	The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:	23.09.2025

Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	Brain activation patterns related to three types of threat: an fMRI study
Abstract:	As animals, humans, too, are faced with more or less intense variations of evolutionarily relevant threats in their lives – the threat of pain (e.g. injury), the threat of an aggressive member of the same species – a conspecific, and the threat of a predator attack (e.g. a bear). Existing research has identified neural pathways for processing threats and has focused primarily on specific subcortical areas. However, no study with a human sample has yet directly compared cortical brain activations of different types of threats. Based on existing fMRI data from the Bavarian study by Bertram et al. (2023), in this Master's thesis we hypothesized distinctive neural pathways at the whole-brain level for the threat of pain, the threat of an aggressive conspecific attack and the threat of a predator attack. We also hypothesized differences in brain activation based on direct comparisons between threat types. The sample consisted of forty healthy women. The experiment was based on an aversive classical conditioning paradigm, in which the subject of interest was activation during the conditioned stimulus (i.e., during active anticipation of a negative stimulus or threat). The results suggest different patterns of activation in the three conditions of threat, with a common basis of activation of the threat processing network, which is consistent with the past literature. The patterns of brain activation also differed significantly in direct comparisons, with activations in the pain and cognitive threat processing networks standing out during the threat of pain, compared to the other conditions. During the anticipation of an attack by a predator or an aggressive conspecific, we noted an increased activation in the frontal lobe compared to the pain anticipation condition.
Keywords:	threat processing, classical conditioning, fMRI, threats

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