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Title:Pravni položaj otroka v zdravstvu s poudarkom na privolitveni sposobnosti : magistrsko delo
Authors:ID Čuk, Ula (Author)
ID Drnovšek, Katja (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf MAG_Cuk_Ula_2025.pdf (1,24 MB)
MD5: 6860A112E1EFE95D43EF4C953A7CF32E
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:Otroci zaradi svoje starosti in ranljivosti spadajo v posebno družbeno skupino, ki jim je namenjena posebna pozornost in pravna varnost. Otrokove pravice so zato v zdravstvu prilagojene njihovi starosti in zrelosti. Med te pravice spada privolitvena sposobnost, ki je ena izmed najpomembnejših pravic v zdravstvu. Otrokova sposobnost podati privolitev je v največji meri odvisna od otrokove starosti in zrelosti, pri čemer ima odločilen vpliv zrelost otroka. Zakon o pacientovih pravicah je primarni zakon, ki ureja pacientove pravice. Ta zakon določa zakonski domnevi, da lahko otrok pri 15 letih starosti samostojno odloča o zdravljenju, pred dopolnjenim 15. letom pa te sposobnosti nima. Obe domnevi sta izpodbojni, saj zrelost otroka predstavlja pomembnejši faktor kot pa starost. Zdravnik otrokovo zrelost presoja v vsakem konkretnem primeru in se na podlagi ugotovitev odloči, če je otrok sposoben podati samostojno privolitev. Pri tem mora upoštevati načelo otrokove največje koristi. Poleg presojanja o otrokovi zrelosti, je zdravnikova obveznost tudi pojasnilna dolžnost, ki pa mora biti prilagojena otrokovi starosti. Starši otroka morajo pri izvrševanju starševske skrbi skrbeti za otrokov celovit razvoj. To vključuje pravico do odločanja o otrokovi zdravstveni oskrbi. Preden otrok dopolni 15 let, se o njegovi zdravstveni oskrbi primarno odločata njegova starša. Po dopolnjenem 15. letu in zadostni stopnji zrelosti, se lahko otrok o zdravstveni oskrbi odloči sam. Starša lahko podata nadomestno privolitev samo v primeru, ko otrok ne dosega zadostne stopnje zrelosti. Izvrševanje starševske skrbi se lahko omeji, ko pride do kolizije med pravico staršev o odločanju o otrokovem zdravstvenem stanju in otrokovo koristjo. Ne glede na želje staršev, je bolj pomembno varstvo otrokove koristi, kar velja tudi v primeru nujne medicinske pomoči, ki se lahko opravi brez privolitve staršev. Otrok pri 15. letih pridobi delno poslovno sposobnost, ki mu omogoča samostojno odločanje o zdravljenju. Kljub temu zakonsko določena starostna meja ne velja pri vseh oblikah zdravljenja. Magistrska naloga obravnava nekaj vrst zdravljenj, kjer je starostna meja določena drugače, na primer krvodajalstvo in odvzem organov. Za prekinitev nosečnosti zakon ne določa starostne meje, se pa zahteva razsodnost mladoletnice. Pri nekaterih novejših vrstah zdravljenja, kot je hormonsko zdravljenje spolne disforije, obstajajo pravne praznine. V slovenski zakonodaji ne obstajajo določbe, ki bi urejale to vrsto zdravljenja, mnenja med strokovnjaki pa so deljena. Te praznine pa kljub temu omogočajo možnost, da se to področje temeljito zakonsko uredi. Magistrska naloga se dotakne tudi primerjalno-pravnega vidika. Položaj otroka v zdravstvu in njegova privolitvena sposobnost je v ZDA urejena precej drugače kot v Sloveniji. V ZDA ni enotne ureditve glede starostne meje, prav tako pa so se ureditve določenih vrst zdravstvene oskrbe v zadnjih letih, zaradi politične ideologije, močno spremenile. Primerjava ameriške in slovenske zakonodaje skozi natančno analizo določb obeh pravnih redov prispeva k razumevanju, kako vsaka od njiju varuje otrokovo korist.
Keywords:otrok, otrokova zrelost, privolitvena sposobnost, otrokova največja korist, starševska skrb, vrste zdravljenja
Place of publishing:Maribor
Place of performance:Maribor
Publisher:U. Čuk
Year of publishing:2025
Number of pages:1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (VII, 49 str.))
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-96358 New window
UDC:342.7:61(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:266423299 New window
Publication date in DKUM:28.01.2026
Views:268
Downloads:115
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:PF
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:22.12.2025

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Legal Status of the Child in Healthcare with an Emphasis on the Ability to give Consent
Abstract:Children, belong to a special social social group that needs particular attention and legal protection, due to their age and vulnerability. Because of this, children’s rights in healthcare are adapted to their age and maturity. Among these rights is the ability to give consent, which represents one of the most important rights in healthcare. A child’s ability to give consent mostly depends on the child’s age and maturity, with maturity being the decisive factor. The Patients’ Rights Act is the primary act regulating patients’ rights in Slovenia. This Act establishes two legal presumptions. The first assumption is that a child is capable to give independent consent to medical treatment at the age of 15, and that a child below the age of 15 cannot independetly give consent. Both presumptions are rebuttable, as the child’s maturity is a more important factor than age. The doctor determines the child’s maturity in each specific case and, based on his conclusion, determines if the child is capable of giving consent independently. The doctor must also take into account the principal of the child´s best interest. In addition to determining the child’s maturity, one of the doctors obligations is the duty of explanation, which must be adjusted to the child´s age. When parents are exercising parental responsibility, they must take care of the child’s complete development, which includes the right to decide on the child’s healthcare. Before the child reaches the age of 15, decisions about healthcare are primarily made by the parents. After reaching the age of 15 and achieving a sufficient level of maturity, the child can independently decide on decisions regarding healthcare. Parents are are allowed to provide substitute consent only when the child hasn´t achieved a sufficient level of maturity. Parental responsibility can be limited in situations where there is a conflict between the parents’ right to decide on the child’s healthcare and the child’s best interests. In these cases, the protection of the child’s best interests prevails, regardless of parental wishes, which also applies to emergency medical treatment, which can be provided without parental consent. At the age of 15, a child receives partial legal ability, which allows him to make independent decisions about medical treatment. However, the age set in law does not apply to every medical treatment. The master’s thesis analyses a few types of medical procedures for which different age requirements apply, for example blood donation and organ donation. When it comes to pregnancy termination, the law does not set an age limit. The only requirement for minors to be able to consent is decisional capacity. There are some legal gaps in some newer forms of medical treatment, such as hormonal treatment for gender dysphoria. There are no provisions regulating this type of treatment in Slovenian Legislation and professional opinions are divided. Nevertheless, these legal gaps have the possibility for precise future regulation. The master’s thesis also addresses the issue from a comparative law aspect. The legal position of children in healthcare and their ability to consent are regulated very differently in the United States compared to Slovenia. In the United States, there is no consistent regulation regarding age limits, and the legal frameworks regulating certain types of healthcare have changed significantly in recent years due to political ideology. A comparison of American and Slovenian legislation, contributes to understanding how each of them protects the child’s best interests, through a detailed analysis of the provisions of both legal systems.
Keywords:child, child´s maturity, ability to give consent, child´s best interest, parental care, types of medical treatments


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