| Title: | Osmolality and tonicity of isotonic beverages |
|---|
| Authors: | ID Skarlovnik, Tjaša (Author)
ID Lamut, Andraž (Author)
ID Hostnik, Gregor (Author)
ID Gole, Boris (Author)
ID Bren, Urban (Author) |
|---|
| Files: |  foods-13-01483-v2.pdf (5,54 MB)
MD5: A33E405AAE7988D26B4FABBE58313B34
 https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/10/1483
|
|---|
| Language: | English |
|---|
| Work type: | Article |
|---|
| Typology: | 1.01 - Original Scientific Article |
|---|
| Organization: | FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
MF - Faculty of Medicine
|
|---|
| Abstract: | This study aimed to measure and compare the osmolality and tonicity of isotonic beverages that can be bought on the Slovenian market. The main goal was to examine how good is the agreement between the measured osmolalities of the beverages and the requirements for isotonic beverages set up by EFSA. Osmolalities were measured with an osmometer using the freezing point depression method. Afterwards, two complementary methods for the observation of tonicity were developed. Erythrocytes were exposed to standard NaCl solutions of different osmolalities to observe their influence on the volume and shape of cells following the turbidity of the solution and the morphology of erythrocytes. These two methods enabled us to determine whether standard solutions were hypo-, iso-, or hypertonic. In this way, we found that the osmolality of 12 out of the 18 investigated isotonic beverages was in the range of 270–330 mOsm/kg, as required by EFSA. However, six samples did not meet this criterion and should therefore not have the label “isotonic” or be described as such. The measurements of turbidity of solutions indicated that most isotonic beverages exhibit a lower tonicity than standard NaCl solutions of identical osmolality. However, examination of the erythrocytes in isotonic beverages showed that the measurements were additionally complicated by the low pH values of these beverages. Finally, by demonstrating how different components of isotonic beverages pass through the erythrocyte membranes, we found that even isoosmolal beverages are often not isotonic, as the concentration of actively transported sugars in these beverages is relatively high. |
|---|
| Keywords: | hydration, osmolality, tonicity, isotonic beverages, erythrocytes |
|---|
| Publication status: | Published |
|---|
| Publication version: | Version of Record |
|---|
| Submitted for review: | 10.04.2024 |
|---|
| Article acceptance date: | 07.05.2024 |
|---|
| Publication date: | 10.05.2024 |
|---|
| Publisher: | MDPI |
|---|
| Year of publishing: | 2024 |
|---|
| Number of pages: | 15 str. |
|---|
| Numbering: | Vol. 13, iss. 10, [article no.] 1483 |
|---|
| PID: | 20.500.12556/DKUM-96748  |
|---|
| UDC: | 544.352.4 |
|---|
| ISSN on article: | 2304-8158 |
|---|
| COBISS.SI-ID: | 195130883 |
|---|
| DOI: | 10.3390/foods13101483 |
|---|
| Copyright: | © 2024 by the authors |
|---|
| Publication date in DKUM: | 27.01.2026 |
|---|
| Views: | 165 |
|---|
| Downloads: | 4 |
|---|
| Metadata: |    |
|---|
| Categories: | Misc.
|
|---|
|
:
|
Copy citation |
|---|
| | | | Average score: | (0 votes) |
|---|
| Your score: | Voting is allowed only for logged in users. |
|---|
| Share: |  |
|---|
Hover the mouse pointer over a document title to show the abstract or click
on the title to get all document metadata. |
