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Title:Vloga instituta spremenjenih okoliščin pri pravični prerazporeditvi poslovnih tveganj : doktorska disertacija
Authors:ID Drnovšek, Klemen (Author)
ID Samec Berghaus, Nataša (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf DOK_Drnovsek_Klemen_2026.pdf (4,99 MB, This file will be accessible after 26.05.2028)
MD5: 20F000A11E281B8B8464D7B04B49E6F8
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Doctoral dissertation
Typology:2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
Organization:PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:Doktorska disertacija predstavlja celostno in sistematično obravnavo doktrine o spremenjenih okoliščinah s poudarkom na ureditvi v slovenskem pravnem redu. Kot ustrezno normativno ureditev je mogoče šteti le ureditev, ki sodišču omogoča pravično prerazporeditev nastalih bremen, ne glede na vrsto pravnega posla in ne glede na pojavno obliko spremenjenih okoliščin. Na podlagi opredeljenih raziskovalnih problemov so v disertaciji podrobno analizirani in opredeljeni posamezni pravni pojmi, povezani z uporabo instituta spremenjenih okoliščin, prav tako pa je opravljena razmejitev od drugih sorodnih institutov pogodbenega prava, zlasti od instituta nemožnosti izpolnitve in poslovne odškodninske odgovornosti. Doktorska disertacija vključuje poglobljeno primerjalnopravno analizo angleške in nemške ureditve, poleg tega pa vključuje tudi sistematično analizo ureditev v mednarodnih pravnih aktih in v več kot dvajset evropskih državah. Analiza je osredotočena zlasti na vprašanja, ali posamezna ureditev priznava doktrino o spremenjenih okoliščinah, ali je ta zakonsko normirana, kakšna je vsebina splošnega pravila ter katere pravne posledice omogoča njegova uporaba. Posebna pozornost je namenjena tudi vprašanju, v kolikšni meri posamezni pravni red sodišču priznava pooblastila za poseg v pogodbeno razmerje ter ali ureditev sodišču omogoča izbiro takšne pravne posledice, ki v konkretnem primeru najbolj ustreza zahtevam pogodbene pravičnosti. Na podlagi celovite obravnave doktorska disertacija zaključuje, da veljavna ureditev instituta spremenjenih okoliščin v 112. členu Obligacijskega zakonika nujno ne omogoča pravične prerazporeditve pogodbenega tveganja in uravnoteženja interesov pogodbenih strank. Ureditev je normativno preozka, saj sodišču v določenih primerih očitno porušenega pogodbenega ravnotežja ne omogoča izbire takšne pravne posledice, ki bi bila v konkretnem primeru najbolj skladna z načelom pogodbene pravičnosti. To bi bilo mogoče doseči ob ustreznih normativnih spremembah po vzoru analiziranih ureditev, saj te praviloma omogočajo tudi sodno spremembo pogodbe ter sodišču priznavajo diskrecijo pri določitvi trenutka in pogojev spremembe ali prenehanja poslovnega razmerja. Potreba po možnosti sodne spremembe pogodbe se še posebej izrazito kaže v primerih dolgoročnih in ekonomsko kompleksnih pogodbenih razmerij pri katerih lahko tekom izvajanja pride do različnih spremenjenih okoliščin. Ureditev, ki sodišču dopušča zgolj sodno razvezo pogodbe, zato ni le omejena, temveč v določenih primerih tudi vsebinsko neustrezna, saj sodišče sili v izbiro med ohranitvijo nepravičnega stanja in razvezo pogodbe, čeprav nobena od teh možnosti ni nujno skladna z naravo konkretnega položaja. Doktorska disertacija zato de lege ferenda zagovarja spremembo ureditve instituta spremenjenih okoliščin v smeri rešitev, ki jih določajo mednarodni pravni akti in vse več nacionalnih pravnih ureditev. Njuni ključni značilnosti sta določitev dolžnosti ponovnih pogajanj ter možnost uveljavljanja zahtevka za sodno spremembo pogodbe. Prav možnost sodne prilagoditve pogodbe pomeni osrednji korak k temu, da institut spremenjenih okoliščin dejansko postane instrument pravične prerazporeditve tveganj in uravnoteženja interesov pogodbenih strank, ne pa zgolj formalna izjema z omejeno uporabno vrednostjo. Čeprav je mogoče na podlagi argumentov razlage institut spremenjenih okoliščin že po veljavni ureditvi uporabiti za vse poslovne obveznosti, torej tudi za obveznosti, ki izvirajo iz enostranskih pravnih aktov, se kot utemeljena kaže tudi potreba po izrecni normativni potrditvi te možnosti (in claris non fit interpretatio). Šele s predlaganimi spremembami bo namreč mogoče zagotoviti, da bo normativna ureditev tega instituta v celoti sledila njegovemu temeljnemu namenu, tj. odpravi nepravičnosti, ki nastane zaradi bistveno spremenjenih okoliščin po prostovoljnem prevzemu katere koli poslovne obveznosti.
Keywords:spremenjene okoliščine, izjalovitev namena, načelo pravičnosti, prilagoditev pogodbe, javne pogodbe, institut kavze
Place of publishing:Maribor
Place of performance:Maribor
Publisher:K. Drnovšek
Year of publishing:2026
Number of pages:392 str.
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-97683 New window
UDC:347.44:340.5(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:281646595 New window
Publication date in DKUM:15.06.2026
Views:221
Downloads:0
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:PF
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:01.04.2026

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:The Role of the Concept of Changed Circumstances in the Fair Allocation of Business Risks
Abstract:The doctoral dissertation presents a comprehensive and systematic examination of the doctrine of changed circumstances, with an emphasis on its regulation within the Slovenian legal system. Only a regulatory framework that enables the court to fairly redistribute the resulting burdens, regardless of the type of legal transaction and regardless of the form in which the changed circumstances manifest, can be considered an appropriate normative framework. Based on the defined research problems, the dissertation provides a detailed analysis and definition of individual legal concepts related to the application of the doctrine of changed circumstances, and a distinction is made from other related institutions of contract law, particularly the doctrine of impossibility of performance and liability for damages. The doctoral dissertation includes an in-depth comparative legal analysis of the English and German legal systems, and also includes a systematic analysis of provisions in international legal instruments and in more than twenty European countries.Based on a comprehensive analysis, the doctoral dissertation concludes that the current regulation of the doctrine of changed circumstances in Article 112 of the Obligations Code does not necessarily allow for a fair redistribution of contractual risk and a balancing of the interests of the contracting parties. The regulation is normatively too narrow, as it does not allow the court, in certain cases of an obviously disrupted contractual balance, to choose a legal consequence that would be most consistent with the principle of contractual justice in the specific case. This could be achieved through appropriate legislative amendments modeled on the analyzed regulations, as these generally also permit judicial modification of the contract and grant the court discretion in determining the time and conditions for modifying or terminating the business relationship. The need for the possibility of judicial modification of a contract is particularly evident in cases of long-term and economically complex contractual relationships in which various changed circumstances may arise during performance. A regime that allows the court only to judicially terminate the contract is therefore not only limited but, in certain cases, also substantively inappropriate, as it forces the court to choose between maintaining an unjust situation and terminating the contract, even though neither of these options is necessarily consistent with the nature of the specific situation. The doctoral dissertation therefore advocates, de lege ferenda, a change in the legal framework governing the doctrine of changed circumstances toward solutions established by international legal instruments and an increasing number of national legal systems. Their key features are the establishment of a duty to renegotiate and the possibility of asserting a claim for judicial modification of the contract. It is precisely the possibility of judicial adjustment of the contract that represents a central step toward ensuring that the doctrine of changed circumstances actually becomes an instrument for the fair redistribution of risks and the balancing of the interests of the contracting parties, rather than merely a formal exception of limited practical value. Although, based on the arguments of interpretation, the doctrine of changed circumstances can already be applied under the current legal framework to all contractual obligations, including those arising from unilateral legal acts, there is an apparent need for explicit statutory confirmation of this possibility (in claris non fit interpretatio). Only with the proposed amendments will it be possible to ensure that the statutory regulation of this doctrine fully aligns with its fundamental purpose, namely, the elimination of injustice arising from significantly changed circumstances following the voluntary assumption of any contractual obligation.
Keywords:changed circumstances, frustration of purpose, principle of justice, contract modification, public contracts, concept of causa


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