Vpliv odmere starostne pokojnine na zagotavljanje pravice do socialne varnosti : magistrsko delo

Mujdrica, Anja

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Title:	Vpliv odmere starostne pokojnine na zagotavljanje pravice do socialne varnosti : magistrsko delo
Authors:	ID Mujdrica, Anja (Author) ID Senčur Peček, Darja (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	MAG_Mujdrica_Anja_2026.pdf (1,15 MB) MD5: F6990FF9613FFAE279F9EA359B936828
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Master's thesis/paper
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:	Pravica do socialne varnosti je urejena v Ustavi RS, ki določa, da je dolžnost države zagotoviti socialno varnost svojim prebivalcem. Pravica do pokojnine je v 50. členu Ustave RS izrecno omenjena kot ena izmed pravic v okviru pravice do socialne varnosti. Pravica do pokojnine se zagotavlja v sistemu pokojninskega in invalidskega zavarovanja, ki je eden izmed sistemov socialnih zavarovanj v RS. Starostna pokojnina je ena izmed pravic iz obveznega pokojninskega in invalidskega zavarovanja. Je trajne narave in periodično izplačljiva, upravičencu pa omogoča socialno varnost tudi po prenehanju aktivnega obdobja. Za priznanje pravice do starostne pokojnine morata biti izpolnjena dva pogoja, ki sta določena z zakonom, in sicer pogoj starosti in pogoj dobe. V RS je višina pokojnine odvisna od dolžine obdobja vključenosti v obvezno pokojninsko in invalidsko zavarovanje ter od višine osnov, od katerih so bili plačani prispevki, saj se na tak način določi odmerni odstotek in izračuna pokojninska osnova, od katere se - na podlagi odmernih odstotkov - določi oziroma izračuna znesek pokojnine. V času od osamosvojitve Republike Slovenije do danes so se zgodile tri reforme sistema pokojninskega in invalidskega zavarovanju (ZPIZ, ZPIZ-1 in ZPIZ-2), ki so med drugim spreminjale določbe o odmeri starostnih pokojnin in pogoje za priznanje pravice do starostne pokojnine. Največ sprememb je prinesel veljaven predpis s področja obveznega pokojninskega in invalidskega zavarovanja, to je ZPIZ-2, ki je zaostril pogoje upokojevanja in je bil od začetka veljavnosti deležen očitkov, da je zaradi nižjih odmernih odstotkov povzročil padanje višine pokojnin. Zakonodajalec ima široko polje proste presoje za urejanje pokojninskega in invalidskega zavarovanja in tako lahko vpliva na zmanjševanje pokojninske vrzeli med spoloma. Dolžnost države je, da poskuša preprečiti revščino svojih prebivalcev, ki so ji v večji meri izpostavljeni upokojenci, zato je pomembno, da ima država dobro organizirane javne sisteme socialne varnosti, predvsem na področju pokojninskega zavarovanja. V Republiki Sloveniji pokojninsko in invalidsko zavarovanje temelji na dokladnem načinu financiranja, pri čemer se slovenski pokojninski sistem zgleduje po nemškem pokojninskem sistemu. Slovenski pokojninski sistem zgodovinsko gledano temelji na Bismarckovem modelu, katerega naslednik je prvi steber nemškega pokojninskega sistema. Tako so določbe s področja odmere starostne pokojnine v slovenskem in nemškem pravnem sistemu med seboj primerljive.
Keywords:	pokojnina, odmerni odstotki, revščina, pokojninska vrzel med spoloma, pokojninski sistem, pokojninska osnova
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Place of performance:	Maribor
Publisher:	A. Mujdrica
Year of publishing:	2026
Number of pages:	1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (72 str.))
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-97695
UDC:	349.2:364.35(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:	279851011
Publication date in DKUM:	29.05.2026
Views:	184
Downloads:	20
Metadata:
Categories:	PF
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Licences

License:	CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Link:	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:	The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:	02.04.2026

Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	The impact of the old-age pension assessment on ensuring the right to social security
Abstract:	The right to social security is regulated by the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia, which provides that it is the duty of the state to guarantee social security for its residents. The right to a pension is explicitly mentioned in Article 50 of the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia as one of the rights falling within the scope of the right to social security. The right to a pension is assured through the pension and disability insurance scheme, which is one of the social insurance schemes in the Republic of Slovenia. An old-age pension is one of the rights arising from compulsory pension and disability insurance. It is of a permanent nature and periodically payable, enabling the beneficiary to maintain social security even after the end of their active working life. For recognition of the right to an old-age pension, two requirements must be met, which are laid down by law, namely the age requirement and the contribution period requirement. In the Republic of Slovenia, the amount of the pension depends on the length of the period of inclusion in the compulsory pension and disability insurance, and on the amounts of the bases on which contributions were paid. This information is used to determine the accrual rate and calculate the pension base, from which, based on the accrual rates, the pension amount is then calculated. Since the independence of the Republic of Slovenia to the present time, three reforms of the pension and disability insurance scheme have been implemented (ZPIZ, ZPIZ-1, and ZPIZ-2). These reforms changed, among other things, the provisions on the calculation of old-age pensions and the conditions for recognition of the right to an old-age pension. The greatest changes were introduced by the currently applicable statute in the field of compulsory pension and disability insurance, namely ZPIZ-2, which tightened the retirement conditions and was, from the start of its validity, the subject of criticisms that, due to lower accrual rates, it caused a fall in pension amounts. The legislator has a wide margin of discretion in regulating pension and disability insurance and may thus influence the reduction of the gender pension gap. The duty of the State is to attempt to prevent poverty of its residents, to which pensioners are exposed to a greater extent, therefore, it is important that the State has well-organised public social security systems, especially in the field of pension insurance. In the Republic of Slovenia, pension and disability insurance is based on the pay-as-you-go financing method, and the Slovenian pension system is modelled on the German pension system. The Slovenian pension system, from a historical point of view, is based on the Bismarck model, whose successor is the first pillar of the German pension system. Thus, the provisions on the assessment of old-age pensions in the Slovenian and German legal systems are mutually comparable.
Keywords:	pension, accrual rates, poverty, gender pension gap, pension system, pension base

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