| Abstract: | The bachelor's thesis examines speed development in swimmers as one of the key determinants of performance in modern competitive swimming. Since results at the highest level are often decided by hundredths of a second, the optimization of speed has become a decisive element of competitive preparation, particularly in sprint events. Swimming speed is not merely a consequence of muscular strength but rather the result of complex interactions between biomechanical, physiological, morphological, and psychological factors.
The theoretical part of the thesis first defines the biomechanical principles of swimming speed, which are based on the relationship between propulsive force and hydrodynamic drag. Special emphasis is placed on drag reduction, optimization of body position, the relationship between stroke rate and stroke length, and the importance of movement coordination. The start, turn, and underwater phase are also analyzed in detail, as they represent a significant portion of total performance time in sprint events.
Furthermore, the physiological mechanisms of sprint swimming are presented, highlighting the role of anaerobic energy systems, particularly the phosphagen system and anaerobic glycolysis. Neuromuscular activation, recruitment of fast-twitch muscle fibers, and tolerance to high-intensity loads are discussed as essential factors enabling the maintenance of maximal speed throughout the race distance. Particular attention is given to the differences between sprinters and long-distance swimmers, as these groups differ in terms of energy system contribution, training structure, body characteristics, and psychological profile.
The thesis also analyzes contemporary methods of speed development, including sprint interval training, resisted swimming, overspeed training approaches, and dryland strength training aimed at improving explosive power. The importance of periodization and tapering is emphasized as key elements for the optimal realization of performance in competition. Within the psychological framework, visualization and motivation are examined as important factors influencing performance quality, regulation of arousal, and long-term persistence in the demanding training process of sprint swimming. The empirical part of the thesis is based on a comparative analysis of performance determinants among swimmers of different specializations. The aim of the research was to determine which factors and training methods have the greatest impact on speed development and whether statistically significant differences exist between sprinters and long-distance swimmers. The results indicate that speed development is a distinctly multifactorial process in which the combination of technical efficiency, anaerobic power, explosiveness, and appropriate psychological preparation plays a more important role than the isolated development of a single ability.
The thesis concludes that speed development in swimming requires a comprehensive and individualized approach that integrates biomechanical principles, physiological adaptations, structured training processes, and psychological stability. Understanding these interrelationships provides a foundation for effective training planning and long-term improvement of sprint performance in competitive swimming. |
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