Ekonomska in okoljska upravičenost električnih vozil : diplomsko delo

Pirtovšek, Jaka

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Title:	Ekonomska in okoljska upravičenost električnih vozil : diplomsko delo
Authors:	ID Pirtovšek, Jaka (Author) ID Fike, Matej (Mentor) More about this mentor... ID Roger, Andraž (Comentor)
Files:	VS_Pirtovsek_Jaka_2026.pdf (2,55 MB) MD5: E4A1A77983204E8F8AD80CB50A461F0C
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	FE - Faculty of Energy Technology
Abstract:	Diplomsko delo obravnava ekonomsko in okoljsko upravičenost električnih vozil v primerjavi z vozili z motorji z notranjim izgorevanjem. V prvem delu so predstavljene osnovne značilnosti posameznih vrst pogonov, njihov zgodovinski razvoj ter ključne tehnične razlike med električnimi vozili in klasičnimi vozili. Posebna pozornost je namenjena sestavnim delom električnih vozil, baterijskim tehnologijam ter polnilni infrastrukturi, saj ti dejavniki pomembno vplivajo tako na uporabnost kot tudi na stroške in okoljski odtis električne mobilnosti. V osrednjem delu naloge je izvedena ekonomska analiza, ki vključuje primerjavo stroškov baterije, stroškov polnjenja, stroškov vzdrževanja, zavarovanja ter vpliva degradacije baterije na skupne stroške uporabe električnega vozila. Analiza je dopolnjena z obdelavo lastnih meritev vožnje, na podlagi katerih so primerjani stroški vožnje električnega in klasičnega vozila na realni poti z izrazitim višinskim profilom. V nadaljevanju je izvedena še okoljska analiza, v kateri je primerjan globalni toplogredni potencial električnih vozil in vozil z motorji z notranjim izgorevanjem, pri čemer so upoštevani vplivi proizvodnje baterije, porabe energije med uporabo ter reciklaže. Rezultati kažejo, da so električna vozila z okoljskega vidika praviloma ugodnejša izbira, njihova ekonomska upravičenost pa je močno odvisna predvsem od načina polnjenja in dostopa do cenovno ugodne električne energije. Pri domačem polnjenju so stroški uporabe praviloma nižji kot pri vozilih z notranjim izgorevanjem, medtem ko lahko pri pogosti uporabi hitrih javnih polnilnic ta prednost bistveno upade ali se celo izniči. Naloga tako pokaže, da električna vozila predstavljajo pomemben korak v smeri trajnostne mobilnosti, vendar njihova upravičenost v praksi ni odvisna le od tehnologije same, temveč tudi od infrastrukture, uporabniških navad in energetskega okolja.
Keywords:	električna vozila, motorji z notranjim izgorevanjem, baterije, stroški polnjenja, degradacija baterije, okoljski vpliv, trajnostna mobilnost
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Place of performance:	Velenje
Publisher:	[J. Pirtovšek]
Year of publishing:	2026
Number of pages:	XVII, 61 f.
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-98193
UDC:	629.331:502.174.3(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:	283764739
Publication date in DKUM:	06.07.2026
Views:	297
Downloads:	18
Metadata:
Categories:	FE
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Licences

License:	CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Link:	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Description:	This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.
Licensing start date:	25.05.2026

Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	Economic and environmental justification of electric vehicles
Abstract:	This bachelor’s thesis examines economics and environmental justification of electric vehicles in comparison with internal combustion engine vehicles. The first part presents the basic characteristics of different propulsion systems, their historical development, and the key technical differences between electric vehicles and conventional vehicles. Special attention is given to the main components of electric vehicles, battery technologies, and charging infrastructure, as these factors significantly affect the usability, costs, and environmental footprint of electric mobility. The central part of the thesis includes an economic analysis covering battery costs, charging costs, maintenance costs, insurance costs, and the impact of battery degradation on the total cost of using an electric vehicle. The analysis is further supported by the processing of the author’s own driving measurements, which are used to compare the operating costs of an electric vehicle and a conventional vehicle on a real route with a significant elevation profile. In addition, an environmental analysis is carried out, comparing the global warming potential of electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles while taking into account battery production, energy consumption during vehicle use, and recycling. The results show that electric vehicles are generally a more favorable option from an environmental perspective, while their economic justification depends strongly on the charging method and access to affordable electricity. When charged at home, operating costs are usually lower than those of internal combustion engine vehicles, whereas frequent use of fast public chargers can significantly reduce or even eliminate this advantage. The thesis, therefore, demonstrates that electric vehicles represent an important step toward sustainable mobility; however, their practical justification depends not only on the technology itself, but also on infrastructure, user habits, and the broader energy context.
Keywords:	electric vehicles, internal combustion engine vehicles, batteries, charging costs, battery degradation, environmental impact, sustainable mobility

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