Ocenjevanje vpliva robotizacije na kakovost farmacevtskih storitev v bolnišničnih lekarnah CEE-regije

Štuklek, Suzana

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Title:	Ocenjevanje vpliva robotizacije na kakovost farmacevtskih storitev v bolnišničnih lekarnah CEE-regije
Authors:	ID Štuklek, Suzana (Author) ID Maletič, Matjaž (Mentor) More about this mentor...
Files:	MAG_Stuklek_Suzana_2026.pdf (3,84 MB) MD5: FC3916F670129367EF9DB683619EA2EA
Language:	Slovenian
Work type:	Master's thesis/paper
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	FOV - Faculty of Organizational Sciences in Kranj
Abstract:	V slovenskih bolnišničnih lekarnah robotizacija še ni sistemsko uvedena, zato ostajajo pričakovani učinki, pogoji in izzivi njene uvedbe premalo raziskani. Magistrsko delo predstavlja eno prvih slovenskih presečnih raziskav, izvedenih leta 2025 in zasnovanih kot ex ante ocenjevanje robotizacije na podlagi izhodišč pristopa HTA in izbranih elementov vprašalnika STAARA. Namen raziskave je bil proučiti zaznave pričakovanih vplivov robotizacije na kakovost farmacevtskih storitev v bolnišničnih lekarnah s poudarkom na varnosti, klinični učinkovitosti, organizacijskih, ekonomskih, pravnih, etičnih in družbenih vidikih ter kadrovski pripravljenosti bolnišničnih lekarn v Sloveniji. Podatki so bili zbrani s strukturiranim spletnim vprašalnikom. V končno analizo je bilo vključenih 72 veljavnih odgovorov, obdelanih z opisno in sklepno statistiko v programih Microsoft Excel in IBM SPSS Statistics. Uporabljena je bila tudi primerjalna metoda za interpretacijo ugotovitev v povezavi z izbranimi evropskimi in CEE-izkušnjami. Anketiranci robotizacijo večinoma sprejemajo pozitivno in jo prepoznavajo kot razvojno smiselno usmeritev bolnišnične farmacije. Zaznani vpliv robotizacije na varnost in klinično učinkovitost lekarniških procesov so ocenili izrazito pozitivno (varnost: M = 4,00; p < 0,001; klinična učinkovitost: M = 3,85; p < 0,001), predvsem z vidika večje sledljivosti, zmanjšanja tveganja napak pri izdaji zdravil, varnosti pacientov, standardizacije procesov in učinkovitosti dela. Anketiranci so največjo naklonjenost izrazili do robota za shranjevanje in izdajo zdravil (73,6 %), med tehnologijami prihodnosti pa so najpogosteje izpostavili avtomatizacijo in umetno inteligenco (65,3 %), sledila je robotika (62,5 %). Pripravljenost farmacevtskih strokovnjakov za delo z novimi tehnologijami je višja od institucionalne pripravljenosti bolnišnic na njihovo uvedbo. Med glavnimi izvedbenimi izzivi pred uvedbo robotizacije v Sloveniji so izstopali visoka začetna investicija, prostorske prilagoditve, IT-integracija, prilagoditev delovnih procesov in zapleten postopek izbire in nabave. Med pravno-etičnimi vidiki je najvišjo povprečno oceno dosegla trditev o zmanjšanju tveganja tatvin zdravil iz bolnišničnih zalog (M = 3,93). Primerjava z izbranimi evropskimi in CEE-izkušnjami kaže, da so zaznani pogoji uvedbe, pričakovane koristi in organizacijski izzivi v Sloveniji primerljivi z ugotovitvami iz izbranih okolij. Primerljivost se nanaša na izvedljivost in implementacijske pogoje, ne pa na merjenje učinkov po implementaciji robotizacije. Robotizacijo je zato smiselno načrtovati kot organizacijsko spremembo, vključeno v sistem kakovosti, z jasno opredeljenimi odgovornostmi, informacijsko povezljivostjo, podporo vodstva, usposabljanjem zaposlenih in spremljanjem učinkov po uvedbi. Ob izpolnjenih pogojih lahko robotizacija prispeva k višji kakovosti farmacevtskih storitev v bolnišničnih lekarnah.
Keywords:	robotizacija bolnišničnih lekarn, bolnišnična farmacija, kakovost in varnost v zdravstvu, HTA, STAARA
Place of publishing:	Maribor
Year of publishing:	2026
PID:	20.500.12556/DKUM-98832
COBISS.SI-ID:	291485443
Publication date in DKUM:	17.09.2026
Views:	161
Downloads:	14
Metadata:
Categories:	FOV
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Licences

License:	CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Link:	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:	The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:	10.07.2026

Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	Assessing the impact of robotization on the quality of pharmaceutical services in hospital pharmacies of the cee region
Abstract:	Robotization has not yet been introduced systematically in Slovenian hospital pharmacies; therefore, the expected effects, conditions, and challenges of its implementation remain insufficiently researched. This master’s thesis presents one of the first Slovenian cross-sectional studies conducted in 2025 and designed as an ex ante assessment of robotization based on the principles of the HTA approach and selected elements of the STAARA questionnaire. The purpose of the study was to examine perceptions of the expected impacts of robotization on the quality of pharmaceutical services in hospital pharmacies, with a focus on safety, clinical effectiveness, organizational, economic, legal, ethical, and social aspects, as well as the readiness of staff in Slovenian hospital pharmacies. Data were collected using a structured online questionnaire. The final analysis included 72 valid responses, processed using descriptive and inferential statistics in Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics. A comparative method was also used to interpret the findings in relation to selected European and CEE experiences. Respondents generally had a positive attitude toward robotization and regarded it as a promising direction for the development of hospital pharmacy. They rated the perceived impact of robotization on the safety and clinical effectiveness of pharmacy processes very positively (Safety: M = 4.00; p < 0.001; Clinical effectiveness: M = 3.85; p < 0.001), particularly in relation to greater traceability, a reduced risk of medication-dispensing errors, patient safety, process standardization, and work efficiency. Respondents expressed the highest level of interest in a robotic system for medication storage and dispensing (73.6%); among technologies of the future, they most frequently highlighted automation and artificial intelligence (65.3%), followed by robotics (62.5%). Pharmacy professionals’ readiness to work with new technologies was higher than hospitals’ institutional readiness to implement them. The main challenges associated with the introduction of robotization in Slovenia included high initial investment costs, spatial adaptations, IT integration, changes to work processes, and complex selection and procurement procedures. Among the legal and ethical aspects, the statement that robotization would reduce the risk of theft of medicines from hospital stocks received the highest mean score (M = 3.93). Comparison with selected European and CEE experiences shows that the perceived implementation conditions, expected benefits, and organizational challenges in Slovenia are comparable to the findings from the selected settings. Comparability relates to the feasibility of implementation, implementation conditions, organizational readiness, and systemic support, rather than to the measurement of post-implementation effects of robotization. Robotization should therefore be planned as an organizational change integrated into the quality system, with clearly defined responsibilities, information connectivity, management support, employee training, and post-implementation monitoring of effects. When the necessaray conditions are met, robotization can contribute to a higher quality of pharmaceutical services in hospital pharmacies.
Keywords:	hospital pharmacy, robotization of hospital pharmacies, quality and safety in healthcare, HTA, STAARA

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