| Title: | Passing of risk under CISG and Incoterms 2020 rules : legal framework and contractual autonomy |
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| Authors: | ID Gorenc, Nastja (Author) |
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| Files: |  2-Gorenc.pdf (776,09 KB)
MD5: 23742F7EF336CDBB29FEE2C1D33C9CC9
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| Language: | English |
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| Work type: | Unknown |
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| Typology: | 1.01 - Original Scientific Article |
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| Organization: | PF - Faculty of Law
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| Abstract: | This article examines the relationship between CISG and Incoterms as key instruments regulating international sales contracts. Both frameworks reflect party autonomy, enabling parties to adapt contractual terms to the needs of modern global trade. CISG applies by default to international sales contracts under Art. 1 CISG, unless expressly excluded, while Incoterms apply through contractual incorporation or established usage. The article examines that Incoterms do not replace CISG but function alongside it, particularly regarding delivery and transfer of risk. Because Incoterms connect risk transfer to logistical events and CISG relies on legal criteria, inconsistencies may cause disputes when contracts are poorly drafted. In such cases, courts and tribunals interpret the parties’ agreement through Arts. 8, 9 CISG rather than redefining obligations. The article emphasizes that, despite some ambiguities in CISG’s risk provisions, it remains a major achievement in harmonizing international sales law. When combined with Incoterms, it provides a more effective framework for allocating risk and responsibilities. The article concludes that disputes are best avoided through clear drafting that regulates CISG’s role, the relevant Incoterms rule, and defines the parties’ obligations. |
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| Keywords: | international sale of goods, commercial practice, CISG, party autonomy, trade usages, passing of risk, carriage contracts, delivery terms, Art. 9 CISG, Incoterms 2020 |
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| Publication version: | Version of Record |
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| Publication date: | 01.06.2026 |
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| Year of publishing: | 2026 |
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| Number of pages: | str. 48-85 |
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| Numbering: | Vol. 18, no. 1 |
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| PID: | 20.500.12556/DKUM-98884  |
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| UDC: | 347.74:341.96 |
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| ISSN on article: | 1855-7155 |
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| COBISS.SI-ID: | 284716035 |
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| DOI: | 10.18690/lexonomica.18.1.48-85.2026 |
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| Publication date in DKUM: | 17.07.2026 |
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| Views: | 231 |
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| Downloads: | 10 |
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| Metadata: |    |
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| Categories: | Misc.
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