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Title:Izolacija bioaktivnih spojin iz smokvinih listov z uporabo podkritične vode
Authors:ID Kralj, Nika (Author)
ID Škerget, Mojca (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
ID Čolnik, Maja (Comentor)
Files:.pdf VS_Kralj_Nika_2026.pdf (3,29 MB)
MD5: F919235ED936F447BB7681BCDA949778
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Abstract:Naraščajoče količine odpadne biomase iz kmetijske in živilske industrije predstavljajo pomemben okoljski izziv, hkrati pa tudi priložnost za pridobivanje biološko aktivnih spojin z visoko dodano vrednostjo. Med takšno biomaso sodijo tudi smokvini listi (Ficus carica L.), ki vsebujejo številne fenolne spojine, flavonoide, proantocianidine, maščobne kisline in druge bioaktivne komponente. V ta namen obstajajo trajnostne in učinkovite ekstrakcijske metode, kot je ekstrakcija s podkritično vodo, ki omogoča selektivno izolacijo biološko aktivnih spojin iz odpadne biomase. Namen diplomskega dela je bil preučiti vpliv temperature in reakcijskega časa ekstrakcije s podkritično vodo na izkoristek ekstrakcije ter na vsebnost bioaktivnih spojin v ekstraktih smokvinih listov. Poleg tega smo določili tudi profil maščobnih kislin z metodo plinske kromatografije (GC) ter identificirali in kvantificirali posamezne fenolne spojine z metodo tekočinske kromatografije visoke ločljivosti (HPLC). Ekstrakcijo s podkritično vodo smo izvajali pri temperaturah 120, 150, 180 in 200 °C ter reakcijskih časih 10, 20 in 30 min. V ekstraktih smokvinih listov smo določili vsebnost celokupnih fenolov, flavonoidov, proantocianidinov ter antioksidativno aktivnost. Najvišji izkoristek ekstrakcije je znašal 60,72 % pri 180 °C in 20 min. Najvišjo koncentracijo celokupnih fenolov (37,50 mg GA/g materiala) ter največjo antioksidativno aktivnost (19,94 %) smo določili pri 200 °C in 30 min. Najvišja koncentracija flavonoidov je bila zabeležena pri 150 °C in 20 min (4,26 mg QU/g materiala), najvišja koncentracija proantocianidinov pa 1,25 mg PAC/g materiala pri isti temperaturi in času. HPLC analiza je pokazala, da je bila v ekstraktih, ki so bili pridobljeni s podkritično vodo, najpogosteje zastopana elagna kislina (1,3 mg/g materiala). GC analiza petroleterskega ekstrakta pa je potrdila prevlado α-linolenske (48,03 mg/g materiala), palmitinske (13,45 mg/g materiala) in linolne kisline (12,81 mg/g materiala). Rezultati potrjujejo, da ekstrakcija s podkritično vodo predstavlja učinkovito in okolju prijazno metodo, za pridobivanje bioaktivnih spojin iz smokvinih listov ter kaže na njihov potencial za uporabo v živilski, farmacevtski in kozmetični industriji.
Keywords:Smokvini listi (Ficus carica L.), podkritična voda, ekstrakcija, bioaktivne spojine, odpadna biomasa
Place of publishing:Maribor
Year of publishing:2026
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-99687 New window
Publication date in DKUM:04.09.2026
Views:211
Downloads:15
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:KTFMB - FKKT
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:24.08.2026

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Isolation of bioactive compounds from fig tree leaves using subcritical water
Abstract:The increasing amount of agricultural and food industry biomass waste represents a significant environmental challenge, while also offering an opportunity for the recovery of high-value bioactive compounds. Fig tree leaves (Ficus carica L.) are one such type of biomass that contains numerous bioactive constituents, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, fatty acids, and other valuable metabolites. Sustainable and efficient extraction techniques, such as subcritical water extraction, provide an environmentally friendly approach for the selective recovery of these bioactive compounds from biomass. The aim of this bachelor's thesis was to investigate the influence of extraction temperature and reaction time during subcritical water extraction on the extraction yield and the content of bioactive compounds in fig leaf extracts. In addition, the fatty acid profile was determined by gas chromatography (GC), while individual phenolic compounds were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Subcritical water extraction was performed at temperatures of 120, 150, 180 and 200 °C and extraction times of 10, 20 and 30 minutes. The resulting extracts were analysed for total phenolics content, total flavonoids content, proanthocyanidins content and antioxidant activity. The highest extraction yield (60.72 %) was achieved at 180 °C after 20 minutes. The highest total phenolics content (37.50 mg/ GAE/g of material) and the highest antioxidant activity (19.94 %) were obtained at 200 °C after 30 minutes. The highest flavonoid content (4.26 mg QE/g of material) and proanthocyanidins content (1.25 mg PAC/g of material) were both achieved at 150 °C after 20 minutes). HPLC analysis revealed that ellagic acid was the predominant phenolic compound in the subcritical water extracts (1.30 mg/g of material), while GC analysis of petroleum ether extract confirmed the predominance of α-linolenic acid (48.03 mg/g of material), palmitic acid (13.45 mg/g of material) and linoleic acid (12.81 mg/g of material). The obtained results demonstrate that subcritical water extraction is an effective and environmentally friendly technique for the recovery of bioactive compounds from fig tree leaves and highlight their potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Keywords:Fig leaves (Ficus carica L.), subcritical water, extraction, bioactive compounds, waste biomass


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