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Title:Sinteza in karakterizacija maleimidno terminiranega 1,2-bis(2-kloroetoksi)etana
Authors:ID Vučković, Ana (Author)
ID Kovačič, Sebastijan (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf UN_Vuckovic_Ana_2026.pdf (2,51 MB)
MD5: 07DD2D98C5F750DA5BFDE7BC792CCB08
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Abstract:V diplomskem delu smo obravnavali sintezo in karakterizacijo povezovalne molekule oziroma linkerja, katerega namen je povezovanje fluorofore z biološko molekulo. Cilj dela je bila priprava molekule s terminalno maleimidno skupino, ki bi omogočala nadaljnjo vezavo na izbrano biološko molekulo. Delo je temeljilo na pretvorbi funkcionalnih skupin na terminalnih delih izhodne spojine bis-[2-(2-kloroetoksi)etil]etra. Najprej smo z nukleofilno substitucijo uspešno sintetizirali azidni intermediat, ki smo ga nato poskušali reducirati do primarnega amina. Redukcijo smo izvedli na dva načina, in sicer s Staudinger-jevo redukcijo s trifenilfosfinom ter z litijevim aluminijevim hidridom. Pri Staudinger-jevi redukciji je težavo predstavljalo predvsem ločevanje produkta od trifenilfosfin oksida, pri redukciji z LiAlH4 pa smo dobili trden produkt. Poleg redukcije smo preizkusili tudi različne pogoje za okso nukleofilno substitucijo preostale terminalne kloridne skupine. Pri tem smo uporabili različne kisikove nukleofile in baze ter spremljali njihov vpliv na potek reakcije. Nastale produkte smo analizirali z NMR spektroskopijo. Pri nekaterih reakcijah nastanka željenega produkta ne moremo potrditi. Sinteze končnega produkta nismo uspeli dokončati. Dobljeni rezultati so lahko osnova za nadaljnjo optimizacijo sinteze.
Keywords:organski azidi, nukleofilna substitucija, Staudinger-jeva redukcija, litijev aluminijev hidrid, maleimidi, NMR spektroskopija
Place of publishing:Maribor
Year of publishing:2026
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-99744 New window
Publication date in DKUM:28.09.2026
Views:13
Downloads:0
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:KTFMB - FKKT
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:28.08.2026

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Synthesis and characterization of maleimide-terminated 1,2-bis(2-chloroethoxy)ethane
Abstract:In this diploma thesis, we investigated the synthesis and characterization of a linking molecule, or linker, intended to connect a fluorophore with a biological molecule. The aim of the work was to prepare a linker with a terminal maleimide group that would enable subsequent conjugation to a selected biological molecule. The work was based on the modification of functional groups at the terminal ends of the starting compound bis-[2-(2-chloroetoxy)ethyl]ether. First, an azide intermediate was successfully synthesized by nucleophilic substitution and was then subjected to reduction to obtain the corresponding primary amine. The reduction was carried out using two different methods: the Staudinger reduction with triphenylphosphine and reduction with lithium aluminium hydride. In the Staudinger reduction, the main challenge was the separation of the product from triphenylphosphine oxide, while the reduction with LiAlH4 resulted in a solid product. In addition, different reaction conditions for the oxo-nucleophilic substitution of the remaining terminal chloride group were investigated. Different oxygen nucleophiles and bases were used, and their effects on the course of the reaction were evaluated. The obtained products were mainly analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. In some reactions, the formation of the desired product could not be confirmed. The synthesis of the final product could therefore not be completed. The obtained results may serve as a basis for further optimization of the synthesis.
Keywords:organic azides, nucleophilic substitution, Staudinger reduction, lithium aluminum hydride, maleimides, NMR spectroscopy


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