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Title:PRISTOJNOSTI VARNOSTNEGA SVETA NA PODLAGI VII. POGLAVJA USTANOVNE LISTINE ZDRUŽENIH NARODOV - PRIMER KOREJE, IRAKA, KOSOVA IN AFGANISTANA
Authors:ID Srebot, Mojca (Author)
ID Devetak, Silvo (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf UNI_Srebot_Mojca_2009.pdf (349,70 KB)
MD5: F7B3CC48C8CE5EFEBDDF9134C186F07F
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/080c60f9-3d1a-4bcd-bb97-53369d25f849
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Undergraduate thesis
Organization:PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:Po drugi svetovni vojni so države, ki so iz nje stopile kot zmagovalke, ustanovile organizacijo, ki naj bi si prizadevala za mir, varnost in sodelovanje. Organizacija Združenih narodov je tako začela obstajati leta 1945, sestavlja pa jo šest organov, med katerimi je najpomembnejši Varnostni svet. Ustanovna listina Združenih narodov je Varnostnemu svetu zaupala osrednjo nalogo organizacije, to je ohranjanje svetovnega miru in varnosti. Varnostni svet sestavlja pet stalnih članic : Velika Britanija, Združene države Amerike, Ruska federacija, Ljudska republika Kitajska in Francija, ter deset nestalnih članic, ki jih za obdobje dveh let izvoli Generalna skupščina. V obdobju hladne vojne je bilo zaradi delitve med velikimi silami delovanje Varnostnega sveta močno oteženo. Po koncu hladne vojne pa so se razmere za njegovo delovanje izboljšale in tako je Varnostni svet danes osrednji organ, ki skrbi za ohranjanje mednarodnega miru in varnosti. Jedro pristojnosti Varnostnega sveta tvorita dve skupini vprašanj: mirno reševanje sporov, ki ga opredeljuje VI. Poglavje Ustanovne listine in akcije v primeru ogrožanja miru, kršitve miru in agresivnih dejanj, opredeljene v VII. poglavju Ustanovne listine. V primeru slednjih ima pristojnost izrekati ne le pravno obvezujoče, ampak tudi prisilne ukrepe. V času po koncu hladne vojne, ko ni bilo več grožnje z vetom, je Varnostni svet v velikem številu primerov uporabil svoje pristojnosti v primeru ogrožanja mednarodnega miru in varnosti, ter dal svojim ukrepom prisilno naravo. V praksi je Varnostni svet avtoriziral uporabo oborožene sile v primeru agresije Severne Koreje proti Južni Koreji leta 1950, v primeru agresije Iraka zoper Kuvajt leta 1990, ter vojaško akcijo zoper Afganistan leta 2001. Do uporabe sile pa je prišlo tudi brez avtorizacije Varnostnega sveta, in sicer z vojaško akcijo zveze NATO zoper ZR Jugoslavijo v zvezi s položajem na Kosovu, ki pa je močno omajala ugled celotne organizacije.
Keywords:Organizacija Združenih Narodov, Ustanovna listina, Varnostni svet, mednarodni mir in varnost, avtorizacija, uporaba sile
Place of publishing:Maribor
Publisher:[M. Srebot]
Year of publishing:2009
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-12667 New window
UDC:34(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:4010283 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:OGEMTJDT
Publication date in DKUM:15.12.2009
Views:3501
Downloads:541
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:PF
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:POWERS OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL UNDER CHAPTER VII OF THE UNITED NATIONS CHARTER - THE CASE OF KOREA, IRAQ, KOSOVO AND AFGHANISTAN
Abstract:After World War II, the allied countries that won , set up an organization to work on peace, security and cooperation. The United Nations organization was established in 1945 and is based on six principal organs. Security Council is the most powerful one, the one entrusted with primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. Security Council consists of five permanent members: United Kingdom, United States of America, Russian Federation, People's Republic of China and France, and ten non-permanent members, which are elected by the General Assembly for two-year terms. During the Cold War, the division between the major powers, strongly affected the functioning of the Security Council. At the end of the Cold War, the situation for its operation improved, so today Security Council is the central body of the organization, responsible for maintaining international peace and security. The Council considers matters of two sorts : `pacific settlement of disputes`, under Chapter VI of the Charter, and situations involving `threats to the peace, breaches of the peace, or acts of aggression`, under Chapter VII. In such situations, the Council is not limited to recommendations but may take action, including the use of armed force During the post-Cold War era, when veto wasn`t exercised that often anymore, the Security Council used its powers in situations of threats to international peace and security, and took actions. In case of aggression by North Korea against South Korea in 1950, in the case of Iraqi aggression against Kuwait in 1990 and the military action against Afghanistan in 2001, Security Council authorized use of armed force. There was also another use of armed force, NATO's intervention in Kosovo, but this military action was not authorized by the Security Council. The United Nation's reputation was tarnished by this intervention.
Keywords:United Nations, United Nations Charter, Security Council, the power, international peace and security, authorization, use of force


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