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Title:Vpliv generalne izvršbe na specialno civilno (sodno) izvršbo in zavarovanje
Authors:ID Štumberger, Aleksandra (Author)
ID Rijavec, Vesna (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf MAG_Stumberger_Aleksandra_2016.pdf (1,88 MB)
MD5: F98ACA55CD67E9326356242D6255613A
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Organization:PF - Faculty of Law
Abstract:Pravica do sodnega varstva je ena temeljnih človekovih pravic, zagotovljenih s strani sodišč. Ker pa se z izdajo sodne odločbe sodno varstvo pogosto še ne izčrpa, v kolikor dolžnik prostovoljno ne izpolni tistega, kar mu je bilo s sodno odločbo naloženo, je potrebna še prisilna izvršitev. Poseg se lahko izvaja samo s pomočjo države in njenih organov, ki je edina upravičena uporabiti silo, samopomoč je prepovedana. Pri tem pa lahko upnik uporabi katerokoli obliko sodnega varstva. Ena od možnosti je izvršilni postopek, katerega primarni cilj in smoter je poplačilo upnika, s čimer se dokončno uresniči upnikova ustavna pravica do sodnega varstva in izvede stanje, ki izhaja iz pravnomočne sodne odločbe oziroma omogoči izterjava upnikove terjatve, ki izhaja iz verodostojne listine. Učinkovitost izvršilnega postopka in s tem poplačilo upnikove terjatve je zato neločljiv element pravice do sodnega varstva po 23. členu Ustave.V okvir pravice do sodnega varstva pa sodi tudi pravica do začasnega sodnega varstva, ki pride v poštev zlasti v primerih, v katerih se mora upnikova terjatev zavarovati, še preden je mogoče zahtevati izvršbo in katere namen je predvsem zagotovitev uspešnosti kasnejše izvršbe. Na tak način se okrepi upnikov položaj v primeru dolžnikove nezmožnosti plačila dolga, saj običajno preteče kar precej časa od trenutka, ko stranka pravno varstvo zahteva (najpogosteje s tožbo), pa do trenutka, ko ga dobi v obliki izvršilnega naslova.V primeru insolventnosti pa se lahko zoper dolžnika uvede stečajni postopek, kar je tudi ena izmed možnosti, ki jo ima upnik na voljo. Zaradi dolžniške krize (dolgotrajne finančne krize), ki je privedla do upočasnjene gospodarske rasti, kronične nelikvidnosti in insolventnosti, se je v zadnjih letih povečalo število začetih stečajnih postopkov, zaradi česar je kolizija izvršilnega in stečajnega postopka pogostejša. Bodisi upnik vloži predlog za izvršbo proti dolžniku, proti kateremu je že začet stečajni postopek, bodisi se stečajni postopek uvede zoper dolžnika proti kateremu že poteka izvršilni postopek. Iz tega razloga je v Zakonu o finančnem poslovanju, postopkih zaradi insolventnosti in prisilnem prenehanju (ZFPPIPP) vzpostavljena posebna zakonska ureditev, ki ureja razmerje med tema dvema postopkoma. Pri čemer se pravila Zakona o izvršbi in zavarovanju (ZIZ), ki urejajo izvršilni postopek, uporabljajo v stečaju le takrat, kadar ZFPPIPP nanje izrecno napotuje, sicer pa ne. V postopku zaradi insolventnosti je določena zgolj podrejena (subsidiarna) uporaba pravil pravdnega in ne izvršilnega postopka. Obema postopkoma, ki ju uvrščamo med postopke izvrševanja, je skupno to, da se vodita v korist upnika in ne v korist dolžnika oziroma stečajnega dolžnika. Zaradi navedenega ZIZ omejuje upnikovo ustavno pravico do sodnega varstva šele, če so temeljne pravice dolžnika bistveno prizadete, ZFPPIPP pa jasno določa, da mora upravitelj ravnati v največjo korist upnikov in poskrbeti, da so njihove terjatve poplačane v čim večji meri.Bistvena razlika med obema postopkoma pa je, da gre v izvršilnem postopku za specialno izvršbo, kar pomeni, da je predmet izvršbe del premoženja (posamezna dolžnikova stvar ali pravica), ki je potreben za poplačilo upnikove terjatve, v stečajnem postopku, pa gre za generalno izvršbo, kar pomeni, da je predmet izvršbe celotno dolžnikovo premoženje. Te razlike vplivajo na razmerje med obema postopkoma, a ta je nekoliko zabrisana v postopku osebnega stečaja, katerega posebnost je ta, da v stečajno maso ne gre celotno dolžnikovo premoženje, ampak so iz nje izvzeti predmeti in prejemki, za katere tudi ZIZ določa, da so izvzeti iz izvršbe. S temi predmeti in premoženjem lahko dolžnik samostojno razpolaga. Manjša razlika pa je tudi ta, da se izvršilni postopek običajno uvede na predlog upnika, medtem, ko je predlagateljev za uvedbo stečajnega postopka več (v postopku osebnega stečaja je to običajno dolžnik). Vpliv generalne izvršbe na specialno izvršbo je različen in v prvi
Keywords:izvršba, stečaj, dolžniška kriza, ločitvene pravice
Place of publishing:Maribor
Year of publishing:2016
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-61187 New window
COBISS.SI-ID:5242155 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:5YI83PTL
Publication date in DKUM:10.12.2016
Views:1458
Downloads:294
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:PF
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:The influence of general execution on special civil (judicial) execution and insurance
Abstract:The right to judicial protectionis one of the basic human rights ensured by courts. However, the issuing of judicial decision often does not exhaust all available means of judicial protection. If the debtor fails to voluntarily comply with the obligations imposed with the judicial decision, compulsory execution is necessary. Intervention can be executed only with the assistance of the State and state bodies alone, as they have an exclusive right to use force, in which case selfhelp is prohibited. In such case, the creditor can rely on any form of judicial protection. One of the options is execution procedure, which primarily enables the creditor to achieve the satisfaction of the claim. Consequently, the creditor's institutional right to judicial protection is completed. Additionally, the state arising from the final judgement is realized, namely, recovery of the creditor's claims arising from authentic documents is enabled. Effectiveness of the execution procedure and satisfaction of the debtor's claims is thus an integral part of the right to judicial protection according to Article 23 of the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia. Within the right to judicial protection is also the right to temporary judicial protection, which is mainly applicable when the creditor's claims need to be protected prior to applying for execution, the purpose of which is to ensure the success of the execution which follows. In this way the position of a creditor is strengthened in case of the debtor's inability to pay, since a considerable amount of time normally passes between the moment when a client demands legal protection (usually by lawsuit), and the moment he is ensured with it in the form of executory title. In case of insolvency, the debtor can be placed in bankruptcy, which is an additional option available to the creditor. Due to the sovereign debt crisis (long-term financial crisis), which led to decelarated economic growth, chronic illiquidity and insolvency, the number of the initiated bankruptcy procedures has increased in the recent years, which led to an increased conflict between execution and bankruptcy procedures. A creditor can file an execution petition against a debtor who is already in the bankruptcy procedure, or the bankruptcy procedure can be placed against a debtor who is already in the execution procedure. For this reason the Financial Operations, Insolvency Procedure and Compulsory Dissolution Act (ZFPPIPP) has established special legal regulation which regulates the relation between the two procedures. The implementing rules of the Claim Execution and Security Act (ZIZ), which regulate the execution procedure, are applied in bankruptcy only when express reference is made to them by ZFPPIPP. The insolvency procedure only defines a subsidiary use of the rules regulating contentious, not execution procedure. Both procedures, which are classified as the execution procedures, are led in favour of the creditor, not the debtor or the debtor in bankruptcy. Due to the aforementioned act (ZIZ), the creditor's institutional right to judicial protection is limited only in case if the basic rights of the debtor have been fundamentally affected. ZFPPIPP clearly defines that the liquidator needs to act in the greatest interest of the creditors and ensure that their are repaid most effectively. The main difference between both procedures is that the execution procedure is a special execution, which means the subject of the execution is part of the assets (individual debtor's object or right) necessary for repaying the creditor's claim, whereas the bankruptcy procedure is a general execution, which means that the subject of the execution is the entire debtor's assets. These differences affect the relations between both procedures, yet this is not so clear in the civil bankruptcy procedure, in which case the bankruptcy estate does not include the entire debtor's assets, but excludes the objects and income also defined by ZIZ to
Keywords:execution, bankruptcy, sovereign debt crisis, the rights to separate satisfaction


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