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Title:Hiperbolična geometrija in regularna tlakovanja
Authors:ID Arcet, Barbara (Author)
ID Mencinger, Matej (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
ID Špacapan, Simon (Comentor)
Files:.pdf MAG_Arcet_Barbara_2017.pdf (10,32 MB)
MD5: A933DD32646DB9A6EF3C7DEA1014797B
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/93a4edfc-1170-41a3-ad02-7d57fd8bd0b3
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:FNM - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
Abstract:Magistrska naloga obravnava hiperbolično geometrijo in regularna tlakovanja v njej. Hiperbolična geometrija je ena izmed treh možnih geometrij poleg evklidske in sferične. V tem magistrskem delu si podrobneje ogledamo regularna tlakovanja, t.j. pokritja ravnine s samimi skladnimi pravilnimi mnogokotniki. V tem pogledu smo v evklidski in sferični geometriji precej omejeni, saj v prvi obstajajo le trije primeri regularnih (platonskih) tlakovanj, v drugi pa pet. V hiperbolični geometriji jih obstaja neskončno. Magistrsko delo je organizirano v tri dele. Najprej spoznamo osnove hiperbolične geometrije, opišemo njen razvoj skozi zgodovino ter si ogledamo tri modele za njeno predstavitev. Drugi del je namenjen lastnostim hiperbolične geometrije ter njeni primerjavi z evklidsko in sferično geometrijo. Definiramo razdaljo med poljubnima točkama, ogledamo si ukrivljenost ploskve in kote trikotnikov v vseh treh geometrijah. Seznanimo se s Pitagorovim izrekom, zapisanim tudi v okviru sferične in hiperbolične geometrije. V zadnjem delu se osredotočimo na regularna tlakovanja v vseh treh omenjenih geometrijah ter predstavimo nekaj matematičnih umetnij neevklidske geometrije nizozemskega umetnika M. C. Escherja, katerih osnova so prav regularna tlakovanja v hiperbolični geometriji. Razmislimo tudi o razlogih in možnostih vpeljave hiperbolične geometrije v šolski pouk.
Keywords:hiperbolična geometrija, regularna tlakovanja
Place of publishing:Maribor
Publisher:[B. Arcet]
Year of publishing:2017
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-68638 New window
UDC:514(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:23438344 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:ONLUVSBA
Publication date in DKUM:08.11.2017
Views:1933
Downloads:320
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:FNM
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:03.10.2017

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Hyperbolic geometry and regular tilings
Abstract:Master’s thesis focuses on hyperbolic geometry and regular tilings in it. Hyperbolic geometry is one of the three classical geometries next to Euclidean and spherical. In this thesis we deal with regular tilings or tesselations of the plane with regular and pairwise congruent tiles. Only few regular tilings in Eucledean and spherical geometry exist: in the first one three, and in the second one five. In hyperbolic geometry there are infinitely many possibilities. The thesis is organized in three parts. First, we define hyperbolic geometry and basic concepts. We describe its development through the history and present three models of it. Then we write about the properties of hyperbolic geometry and compare them with Euclidean and spherical geometry. The distance between two arbitrary points is defined, we take a look at the curvature of the surface, inner angles of the triangles in all of the geometries. Finally we prove the Pythagorean theorem which is in hyperbolic and spherical geometry a little bit different than in Euclidean. In the last part we focus on regular tilings in all three geometries and present the work of the Dutch mathematical artist M. C. Escher, who was using exactly regular tilings in hyperbolic geometry. At the end we present some ideas about motivation and reasons for introduction of hyperbolic geometry at school.
Keywords:hyperbolic geometry, regular tiling


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