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Title:Množice točk in vozlišč v splošni legi
Authors:ID Gašparič, Barbara (Author)
ID Klavžar, Sandi (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf MAG_Gasparic_Barbara_2019.pdf (1,06 MB)
MD5: 202BC3CFF474C0865ABF0C1C0DD3D45E
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/c5cf9710-1c34-4752-bdec-8d210ae816ef
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:FNM - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
Abstract:Magistrsko delo obravnava klasični problem “no-three-in-line” in dve njegovi pospološitvi. Klasični problem “no-three-in-line” je, poiskati največje možno število točk, ki jih lahko postavimo na n × n mrežo tako, da nobene tri med njimi ne bodo ležale v ravni črti. Posplošitvi, ki ju bomo obravnavali, sta problem “no-three-in-line” v 3D in problem splošne lege v teoriji grafov. Problem “no-three-in-line” v 3D je, poiskati največje možno število točk, ki jih lahko postavimo na n × n × n mrežo tako, da nobene tri med njimi ne bodo ležale v ravni črti. Problem splošne lege v teoriji grafov pa je, poiskati največjo množico vozlišč, za katero bo veljalo, da nobena tri vozlišča iz te množice ne ležijo na skupni najkrajši poti. V prvem poglavju je navedenih nekaj definicij in pomembnih rezultatov iz področja diskretne matematike in teorije števil, ki jih bomo potrebovali v nadaljnjih poglavjih. V drugem poglavju predstavimo klasični problem “no-three-in-line”, pokažemo koliko je pričakovana zgornja meja za število nekolinearnih točk na n × n mreži pri velikih n in vidimo, da lahko na n × n mrežo zmeraj postavimo n nekolinearnih točk. V tretjem poglavju predstavimo problem “no-three-in-line” v 3D, pokažemo, kako je ta problem povezan s 3D-sliko grafa Kn in povemo, kakšno je pričakovano število nekolinearnih točk na n × n × n mreži. V zadnjem poglavju predstavimo problem splošne lege v teoriji grafov ter njegove zgornje in spodnje meje. Zgornje meje so podane na podlagi različnih izometričnih pokritij grafov, spodnje pa dobimo tako, da množice v splošni legi povežemo s premerom grafa in njegovim pakiranjem.
Keywords:problem “no-three-in-line”, splošna lega, celoštevilska mreža, 3D-slika grafa, izometrično pokritje, izometrični podgraf
Place of publishing:Maribor
Publisher:[B. Gašparič]
Year of publishing:2019
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-73039 New window
UDC:519.17(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:24435720 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:QY4HQVJO
Publication date in DKUM:15.03.2019
Views:1439
Downloads:133
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:FNM
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:24.01.2019

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Sets of points and vertices in general position
Abstract:The master thesis focuses on the classical no-three-in-line problem and two of its generalizations. The classical no-three-in-line problem is to find the maximum number of points that can be placed in the n × n grid so that no three points lie on a line. Generalizations that we are going to discuss are the no-three-in-line-in-3D problem and the general position problem in graph theory. The no-three-in-line-in-3D problem is to find the maximum number of points that can be placed in the n × n × n grid so that no three points lie on a line. The general position problem in graph theory is to find a largest set of vertices, such that no three vertices from that set lie on a common shortest path. In the first chapter, we introduce some definitions and important results from discrete mathematics and number theory which are needed in the following chapters. In the second chapter, we introduce the classical no-three-in-line problem, show the estimated upper bound for a number of non-linear points in the n × n grid at large n and see that n non-linear points can always be placed in the n × n grid. In the third chapter, we introduce the no-three-in-line-in-3D problem, show how this problem is connected with a 3D drawing of a complete graph Kn and tell the estimated number of non-linear points on n × n × n grid. In the last chapter, we introduce the general position problem in graph theory and present upper and lower bounds. The upper bounds are given in terms of different isometric covers of a graph and the lower ones are obtained by connecting general position sets with graph diameter and its packing.
Keywords:no-three-in-line problem, general position, integer grid, 3D drawing of a graph, isometric cover, isometric subgraph


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