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Title:Ekstremalni problemi psa in žoge
Authors:ID Rozman, Ana (Author)
ID Hvala, Bojan (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf MAG_Rozman_Ana_2019.pdf (2,63 MB)
MD5: 0C8F623AAAF41B4492276AD0842161B9
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/c72f6203-1f2d-4a04-9a1e-d63c751cb8d6
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:FNM - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
Abstract:V magistrskem delu so predstavljene optimalne poti, ki jih mora pes preteči oziroma preplavati, da pride do žoge, ki se nahaja v morju, pri čemer se spreminja položaj psa in oblika obale. Obravnavo ekstremalnih problemov pričnemo z najosnovnejšim problemom, ko želi pes, ki se nahaja na ravni obali, najhitreje priti do žoge, ki se nahaja v vodi. Problem rešimo računsko, z iskanjem globalnega minimuma obravnavane funkcije, in geometrijsko, s konstrukcijo optimalnih poti. Razvijemo tudi lemo, ki govori o razmerju med časom, ki ga pes potrebuje za plavanje in tek na določeni razdalji, ter konstruiramo kot, pod katerim mora plavati od obale proti žogi pri optimalni poti. Nadaljujemo s prvo izpeljanko osnovnega ekstremalnega problema, in sicer psa z ravne obale prestavimo v morje. Tudi ta problem rešimo računsko in geometrijsko. Poiščemo mejno množico točk, pri kateri je direktno plavanje enako hitro kot optimalna pot preko kopnega. Pri tem prvič za točko bifurkacije pojmujemo dolžino obale, drugič pa položaj žoge. Pri drugem izpeljanem ekstremalnem problemu psa z ravne obale prestavimo na kopno. Pri reševanju naletimo na analogijo z lomnim zakonom pri prehodu svetlobe iz ene snovi v drugo. Nalogo zaključimo z obravnavo tretjega izpeljanega ekstremalnega problema, kjer se pes nahaja na neravni obali. Problem rešimo geometrijsko, s konstrukcijo optimalnih poti.
Keywords:ekstremalni problem, globalni minimum, optimalna pot, točka bifurkacije, bifurkacijska krivulja, lomni zakon
Place of publishing:Maribor
Publisher:[A. Rozman]
Year of publishing:2019
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-73192 New window
UDC:517.54(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:24473864 New window
NUK URN:URN:SI:UM:DK:VWXBLEMA
Publication date in DKUM:10.04.2019
Views:1379
Downloads:103
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:FNM
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:04.03.2019

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Dog and ball extremal problems
Abstract:The examination of the dog and ball extremal problems begins with the most basic problem - the dog situated on a flat coast wants to get to the ball in the water as fast as possible. The problem is solved computationally, by searching for the global minimum of the examined function, and geometrically, by constructing optimal paths. We also establish a lemma that conveys the ratio between the time the dog needs for swimming and running a certain distance. We also construct the angle at which he has to swim from the coast to the ball on the optimal path. We continue with the first variation of the basic problem, which moves the dog form the flat coast into the sea. We solve this problem computationally and geometrically as well. We also find the boundary point set in which the direct swimming is as quick as the optimal path through land. The first time the coast length is regarded as the point of bifurcation, and the second time the ball position is regarded as the point of bifurcation. With the second variation of the problem, we move the dog from the flat coast to the land. Through the solving, we encounter the analogy of the law of refraction at the transition of light from one substance to another. We conclude with the examination of the third variation of the problem in which the dog is situated on an uneven coast. We solve the problem geometrically, by constructing optimal paths.
Keywords:extremal problem, global minimum, optimal path, point of bifurcation, bifurcation locus, Snell's law


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