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Title:Izolacija in preiskovanje DNK pridobljene iz neprepoznavnih človeških posmrtnih ostankov : diplomsko delo visokošolskega študijskega programa Varnost in policijsko delo
Authors:ID Lovko, Maja (Author)
ID Drobnič, Katja (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf VS_Lovko_Maja_2022.pdf (1,24 MB)
MD5: EE7DA579FFF1FFBE9D1666BAF0A8F8F2
PID: 20.500.12556/dkum/e80ed6ef-2cbf-41d7-ae8a-32260f7492bc
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security
Abstract:DNK je specifična za vsakega posameznika, zato je pri ugotavljanju identitete zelo uporabna. Uporablja se v civilne in kriminalistične oziroma kazenske namene. Klasični načini prepoznave, kot so obrazna prepoznava svojcev, pregled in primerjava prstnih odtisov in rentgenski posnetki so včasih lahko oteženi oziroma onemogočeni. V teh primerih se forenzični strokovnjaki poslužujejo ugotovitve identitete na podlagi analize DNK. Analiza pa je uspešna le če imamo dovolj kakovostnega vzorca DNK s trupla in primerjalni vzorec (lahko je zobna ščetka, mlečni zobje, histološki preparati ...). A včasih analiza ni uspešna tudi če smo vzorcu s trupla določili profil DNK, kar pomeni, da identitete trupla ne moremo potrditi. Vzorci za pridobitev DNK so lahko različni, to so kosti, zobje, lasje in nohti, na podlagi stanja posmrtnih ostankov pa se forenzični strokovnjaki odločijo za enega izmed njih. Skozi ves proces so pozorni na kontaminacijo vzorcev in način shranjevanja. Kateri vzorec bodo forenzični izvedenci izbrali je ključnega pomena za nadaljno preiskavo. za ekstrakcijo DNK uporabljajo nekaj različnih metod, katero uporabijo pa je odvisno od količine in stanja pridobljenega vzorca. Sledi analiza, ki pa ne bo uspešna če ene bomo imeli dovolj koncentrirane DNK, ki jo dosežemo z metodo PCR. Za analizo se uporablja metoda kapilarne elektroforeze. Ves postopek v napravi je avtomatiziran, končni rezultat pa so elektroferogrami oziroma profili STR, na podlagi katerih forenzični strokovnjaki interpretirajo rezultate.
Keywords:diplomske naloge, DNK, ekstrakcija, preiskovanje, človeški posmrtni ostanki, profiliranje DNK
Place of publishing:Ljubljana
Place of performance:Ljubljana
Publisher:[M. Lovko]
Year of publishing:2022
Year of performance:2022
Number of pages:Vi, 33 str.
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-81534 New window
UDC:343.98(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:112418307 New window
Publication date in DKUM:22.06.2022
Views:929
Downloads:89
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:FVV
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:12.04.2022

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Extraction and Investigation of DNA of Unrecognisable Human Remains
Abstract:DNA is specific to each individual, so it is very useful when it comes to establishing identity. It is used for civil and criminal or criminal purposes. Classic methods of identification, such as facial recognition of relatives, examination and comparison of fingerprints and X-rays, can sometimes be difficult or impossible. Forensic experts use analysis based on DNA to individualize the remains in these cases. However, the analysis is successful only if we have enough quality DNA sample from the corpse and a comparative sample (it can be a toothbrush, deciduous teeth, histological preparations ...). Sometimes the analysis is not successful even if we have determined the DNA profile of the sample from the corpse, which means that the identity of the corpse cannot be confirmed. Samples for obtaining DNA can be different, such as bones, teeth, hair and nails, and based on the condition of the remains, forensic experts decide on one of them. Throughout the process, a lot of attention is paid to avoiding sample contamination and storage methods. Which sample forensic experts will choose is crucial for further investigation. Several different methods are used for DNA extraction, depending on the amount and condition of the obtained sample. This is followed by an analysis, which will not be successful if forensic experts do not have enough concentrated DNA, which is achieved by the PCR method. The capillary electrophoresis method is used for analysis. The entire process in the device is automated, and the result is electropherograms or STR profiles, based on which forensic experts interpret the results.
Keywords:DNA, extraction, investigation, human remains, profiling DNA


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