| Title: | The analysis of e-liquids : a study on chemical diversity and metal content using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry |
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| Authors: | ID Rantaša, Matjaž (Author)
ID Majer, David (Author)
ID Finšgar, Matjaž (Author) |
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| Files: |  J_of_Separation_Science_-_2024_-_Rantasa_-_The_analysis_of_e‐liquids__A_study_on_chemical_diversity_and_metal_content_using.pdf (2,20 MB)
MD5: 23F057B624181C1EA7EAF0A182744B17
 https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jssc.202400443
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| Language: | English |
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| Work type: | Article |
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| Typology: | 1.01 - Original Scientific Article |
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| Organization: | FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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| Abstract: | This work aimed to determine the chemical composition of 22 e-liquids available on the Slovenian market. Four different gas chromatography (GC) sample introduction techniques; headspace-GC-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS), liquid injection-GC-MS (LI-GC-MS), HS-solid-phase microextraction-GC-MS (HS-SPME-GC-MS), and direct-immersion-SPME-GC-MS (DI-SPME-GC-MS) were employed for qualitative analysis. Various experimental parameters were assessed for each GC sample introduction technique to maximize compound identification. Despite e-liquid packaging reporting a maximum of eight compounds, GC-MS identified more compounds in most samples, especially in menthol-flavored (58 identifiable compounds by HS-SPME-GC-MS), followed by nicotine-containing and fruit-flavored samples. HS-SPME-GC-MS identified the highest number of compounds, followed by HS-GC-MS, DI-SPME-GC-MS, and LI-GC-MS. Nicotine quantification in six samples was performed by LI-GC-MS with dilution in methanol. Nicotine concentration in samples ranged from 16.5 ± 0.5 to 18.5 ± 0.4 mg/mL, which was below the declared concentration of 20 mg/mL. Additionally, quantitative analysis of metals in e-liquids was performed by inductively coupled plasma-MS after microwave-assisted wet acid digestion. Iron was the most abundant metal, with its content ranging from 0.024 to 0.354 µg/g. Barium, bismuth, copper, and tin were also determined in several e-liquids. |
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| Keywords: | e-liquids, chromatography, mass spectrometry |
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| Publication status: | Published |
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| Publication version: | Version of Record |
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| Submitted for review: | 17.06.2024 |
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| Article acceptance date: | 24.08.2024 |
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| Publication date: | 10.09.2024 |
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| Publisher: | Wiley |
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| Year of publishing: | 2024 |
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| Number of pages: | 16 str. |
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| Numbering: | let. 47, št. 17, št. članka 2400443 |
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| PID: | 20.500.12556/DKUM-90704  |
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| UDC: | 620.1 |
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| ISSN on article: | 1615-9314 |
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| COBISS.SI-ID: | 207573763 |
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| DOI: | 10.1002/jssc.202400443 |
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| Copyright: |
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| Publication date in DKUM: | 29.01.2025 |
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| Views: | 228 |
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| Downloads: | 49 |
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| Metadata: |    |
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| Categories: | Misc.
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