| Title: | Improving lignocellulosic and non-lignocellulosic biomass characteristics through torrefaction process |
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| Authors: | ID Ivanovski, Maja (Author)
ID Urbancl, Danijela (Author)
ID Petrovič, Aleksandra (Author)
ID Stergar, Janja (Author)
ID Goričanec, Darko (Author)
ID Simonič, Marjana (Author) |
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| Files: |  applsci-12-12210.pdf (3,64 MB)
MD5: 2F63CB0C1F8C671F4FC63C31F8E41B7B
 https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/23/12210
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| Language: | English |
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| Work type: | Article |
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| Typology: | 1.01 - Original Scientific Article |
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| Organization: | FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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| Abstract: | In this study, three locally available biomasses, namely miscanthus, hops, sewage sludge,
and additionally, their mixtures, were subjected to the torrefaction process to improve their fuel
properties. The torrefaction process was conducted at 250–350 ◦C and 10–60 min in a nitrogen
(N2) environment. The torrefaction temperature and time were studied to evaluate the selected
biomass materials; furthermore, heating values, mass and energy yields, enhancement factors,
torrefaction severity indexes (TSI), and energy-mass co-benefit indexes (EMCI) were calculated. In
addition, thermogravimetric (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared analyses (FTIR) were performed
to characterize raw and torrefied biomass under the most stringent conditions (350 ◦C and 60 min).
The results showed that with increasing torrefaction temperature and duration, mass and energy
yields decreased, and heating values (HHVs) increased for all studied biomasses. The results of the
TSI and EMCI indexes showed that the optimum torrefaction conditions were as follows: 260 ◦C
and 10 min for pure miscanthus and hops, whilst this could not be confirmed for the sewage sludge.
Furthermore, the combination of sewage sludge and the above-mentioned types of lignocellulosic
biomass exhibited better fuel properties than sewage sludge alone. |
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| Keywords: | lignocellulosic biomass, sewage sludge, torrefication, thermogravimetry, TSI |
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| Publication status: | Published |
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| Publication version: | Version of Record |
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| Submitted for review: | 20.10.2022 |
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| Article acceptance date: | 27.11.2022 |
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| Publication date: | 29.11.2022 |
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| Publisher: | MDPI AG |
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| Year of publishing: | 2022 |
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| Number of pages: | 18 str. |
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| Numbering: | Vol. 12, iss. 23 |
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| PID: | 20.500.12556/DKUM-92455  |
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| UDC: | 628.3 |
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| ISSN on article: | 2076-3417 |
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| COBISS.SI-ID: | 131484163 |
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| DOI: | 10.3390/app122312210 |
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| Copyright: | © 2022 by the authors |
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| Publication date in DKUM: | 10.04.2025 |
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| Views: | 214 |
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| Downloads: | 20 |
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| Metadata: |    |
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| Categories: | Misc.
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