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Title:Kritična analiza spornih metod ugotavljanja laži : magistrsko delo
Authors:ID Bernik, Vita (Author)
ID Areh, Igor (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf MAG_Bernik_Vita_2025.pdf (1,42 MB)
MD5: 58432B2F6F862AD0AB39FC9A3BDAADF8
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security
Abstract:Sporne metode ugotavljanja laži, kot so analiza mikroobraznih izrazov, tehnologija možganskih prstnih odtisov (angl. brain fingerprinting), analiza očesnih gibov in termografsko zaznavanje, pogosto temeljijo na pomanjkljivo preverjenih znanstvenih predpostavkah in neenotnih interpretacijah. Njihova uporaba v sodnih postopkih sproža številna vprašanja glede zanesljivosti, veljavnosti in etike. V nekaterih primerih, kot je Harrington v. State of Iowa (2003), so bili dokazi, pridobljeni s pomočjo takšnih tehnik, označeni kot nerelevantni ali nezadostno utemeljeni, kar potrjuje pomisleke o njihovi forenzični vrednosti. Tehnike pogosto ustvarjajo vtis znanstvene natančnosti, a številne študije kažejo na njihovo nizko ponovljivost in visoko stopnjo subjektivnosti. Poleg znanstvenih dvomov se pojavljajo tudi etične dileme, povezane z invazivnostjo nekaterih metod, zlasti pri uporabi nanotehnologij in biometričnih sistemov, ki lahko posegajo v pravico do zasebnosti in spoštovanje telesne integritete. Zaznavanje laži postane še posebej problematično, ko se rezultati interpretirajo brez jasno določenih standardov ali se uporabljajo zunaj sodne dvorane, npr. pri pogajanjih o priznavanju krivde. Čeprav nobena od analiziranih metod ne zagotavlja nedvoumne in znanstveno potrjene identifikacije laži, se določeni pristopi, kot sta kognitivna analiza izjav in strateška uporaba dokazov, kažejo kot obetavni. Usmerjanje razvoja v smeri metod, ki temeljijo na preverjenih vedenjskih indikatorjih in kognitivnih obremenitvah, ob hkratnem spoštovanju človekovih pravic in strokovne odgovornosti predstavlja možen okvir za prihodnje izboljšave.
Keywords:zaznavanje laži, sporne metode, etika, zanesljivost, magistrska dela
Publication status:Published
Publication version:Version of Record
Place of publishing:Ljubljana
Place of performance:Ljubljana
Publisher:V. Bernik
Year of publishing:2025
Year of performance:2025
Number of pages:VIII f., 69 str.
PID:20.500.12556/DKUM-92842 New window
UDC:159.9:177.3(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:240069123 New window
Publication date in DKUM:20.06.2025
Views:211
Downloads:60
Metadata:XML DC-XML DC-RDF
Categories:FVV
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.
Licensing start date:18.05.2025

Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Critical analysis of contentious methods in lie detection
Abstract:Contentious methods of lie detection, such as facial microexpression analysis, Brain Fingerprinting, eye movement analysis and thermographic detection, are often based on poorly validated scientific assumptions and inconsistent interpretations. Their application in legal proceedings raises numerous concerns regarding reliability, objectivity, and ethics. In some cases, such as Harrington v. State of Iowa (2003), evidence obtained through these techniques has been deemed irrelevant or insufficiently substantiated, supporting concerns about their forensic value. These techniques often create the illusion of scientific precision, yet numerous studies indicate low replicability and a high degree of subjectivity. In addition to scientific concerns, ethical dilemmas arise, particularly regarding the invasiveness of certain methods - especially neurotechnologies and biometric systems - which may infringe upon the right to privacy and bodily integrity. Lie detection becomes particularly problematic when results are interpreted without clear standards or used outside the courtroom, for instance, in plea bargaining. Although none of the analysed methods offers unequivocal and scientifically validated identification of deception, certain approaches - such as cognitive statement analysis and the strategic use of evidence - appear promising. A shift toward methods grounded in verified behavioural indicators and cognitive load principles, while respecting human rights and professional accountability, presents a potential framework for future development.
Keywords:forensic psychology, lie detection, pseudoscience, ethics, reliability


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