| Title: | High-resolution urban-scale impact of retro-reflective façade materials on building thermal load |
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| Authors: | ID Bizjak, Marko (Author)
ID Mongus, Domen (Author)
ID Lukač, Niko (Author)
ID Yuan, Jihui (Author) |
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| Files: |  s41598-025-30085-3.pdf (4,18 MB)
MD5: 0B0CEA7DB7D7E898FF28F391BD1252CE
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| Language: | English |
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| Work type: | Article |
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| Typology: | 1.01 - Original Scientific Article |
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| Organization: | FERI - Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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| Abstract: | This paper presents a high-resolution urban-scale evaluation of the impact of retro-reflective (RR)facade materials on building thermal load. Unlike earlier studies limited to isolated buildings or simplified geometries, we integrate LiDAR-derived 3D city models, local meteorological data, and per-triangle thermal load simulation to quantify seasonal thermal load impact on an urban scale. The triangle-based framework enables detailed estimation of shading, orientation, and vegetation effects under realistic urban configurations. The methodology was applied to 914 buildings in Celje, Slovenia, represented by more than seven million building surface triangles. Results show that Prism RR material increased annual heating demands by 2.1 % and reduced cooling demands by 0.76 %, while Glass bead material increased heating by 1.6 % and reduced cooling by 0.65 %. On the days of maximum city-aggregate cooling demand reduction, Prism and Glass bead materials reduced cooling demands by upto 19.31 % and 15.39 %,respectively. These location-specific results demonstrate a seasonal trade-off, where reduced summer cooling demand is counter balanced by increased heating demand. The analysis also identifies a previously underreported seasonal asymmetry, with the highest heating demand increases occurring in spring when solar irradiation is high yet heating demand remains. |
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| Keywords: | thermal load, lagre scale, retro-reflective materials, glass bead, prism |
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| Publication status: | Published |
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| Publication version: | Version of Record |
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| Submitted for review: | 04.09.2025 |
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| Article acceptance date: | 20.11.2025 |
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| Publication date: | 27.11.2025 |
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| Publisher: | Springer Nature |
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| Year of publishing: | 2025 |
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| Number of pages: | 18 str. |
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| Numbering: | Vol. 15, [article no.] 45532 |
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| PID: | 20.500.12556/DKUM-96249  |
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| UDC: | 004.9 |
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| ISSN on article: | 2045-2322 |
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| COBISS.SI-ID: | 260140547 |
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| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-025-30085-3 |
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| Copyright: | © The Author(s) 2025 |
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| Publication date in DKUM: | 12.12.2025 |
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| Views: | 161 |
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| Downloads: | 5 |
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| Metadata: |    |
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| Categories: | Misc.
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